Form And Actoins At Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anatomical levers, fulcrums, applied force, and load

A

Bones = levers
Joint = fulcrum
Muscle contraction = applied force
External/internal (weight/body weight) = load

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2
Q

Outline a class one lever

A

The fulcrum is in between the applied force and the load (Neck extension at the atlanto occipital joint)

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3
Q

Outline a class 2 lever

A

the load is in between the fulcrum and the applied force (plantar flex action at the ankle joint)

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4
Q

Outline a class 3 lever

A

The applied force is in between the load and the fulcrum (flexion at the elbow joint)

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5
Q

What 3 factors does muscle form depend on

A

Length, number, and arrangement of muscle fibres

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6
Q

What effect does the length of muscle fibre have on muscle form

A

Fibres shorten up to 50% of resting length hence longer fibres allow large range of movement

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7
Q

What effect does the number of muscle fibres have on muscle form

A

Tension is proportional to cross sectional area, hence greater number of fibres increase cross sectional area and results in greater tension

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8
Q

What affect does the arrangement of muscle fibres have on muscle form

A

Parallel arrangement allows greater fibre length thus greater range of movement
Pennate arrangement allows more fibres into the same space thus increasing muscle tension - however range of movement is decreased as maximum contraction is 50% of shortest fibres resting length

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle action

A

Concentric
Eccentric
Isometric

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10
Q

What is concentric action

A

Muscle is active, develops tension, tension greater than load, muscle shortens, joint angle decreases

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11
Q

What is eccentric action

A

Muscle is active, develops tension, load is greater than tension, muscles elongate, joint angle increases

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12
Q

What is isometric action

A

Muscle is active, develops tension, tension is equal to load, no change in muscle length, no change in joint angle

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13
Q

What are the 4 difference roles a muscle can have at a joint

A

Agonist
Antagonist
Stabiliser
Neutraliser

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14
Q

What are agonistic and antagonistic roles

A

Agonistic - prime joint mover acting concentrically to decrease joint angle
Antagonistic - acts eccentrically to oppose and control the movement

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15
Q

What is a stabiliser role

A

Stabiliser - Isomeric action of a muscle(s) to hold a joint still

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16
Q

What is a neutraliser role

A

Neutraliser - muscle eliminates an unwanted movement caused by another muscle
E.g. pronation muscles neutralise supinating effect of flexion biceps brachii

17
Q

What are the concentric actions of muscles, and for which joint do they not apply

A

Anterior - flexion
Posterior - extension
Medial - adduction
Lateral - abduction

Does not apply for knee joint

18
Q

What is the biceps brachii

A

Origin is the scapular, insertion at radial tuberosity
Provides flexion at both shoulder and elbow
Provides supination at radioulnar joints

19
Q

What is the triceps brachii

A

Connected to humerus and scapula, as well as ulna
Provides extension at both the elbow and the shoulder

20
Q

What is the deltoid

A

Attached to the pectoral girdle (clavicle and scapula)
Attached to the diaphysis of the humerus
Enables flexion (anterior fibres), abduction (lateral fibres), and extension (posterior fibres)

21
Q

What is the lliopsoas

A

Connected to vertebrae, ilium, and anterior of femur
Enables hip flexion

22
Q

What is gluteus maximus

A

Connected to hip, sacrum, coccyx, and posterior of the femur
Enables extension of the hip

23
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

Group of 4 muscles of the quads
Most superficial is rectus femoris (connects to anterior inferior iliac spine of ilium, and tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament )
Deep component are vasti muscles
Allows knee extension, hip flexion

24
Q

Hamstrings

A

Grouped muscles (biceps femoris, semi membranosus, semi tendinosus)
Allows hip extension
Allows knee flexion, and rotation when knee flexed

25
What is tibialis anterior
Connects at tibial tuberosity and medial metatarsal Allows ankle dosiflexion Allows foot inversion
26
What is triceps surae
Grouped muscle. Most superficial - gastrocnemius. Deep - Soleus Origin - posterior distal femur. Insertion - Achilles tendon,calcaneus (heel bone) Allows ankle plantarflexion