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Hubs > Human Movement And Sensation 2 > Flashcards

Human Movement And Sensation 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of information transmitted

A

Somatic
Autonomic

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2
Q

What is somatic information

A

The stuff we are aware of, and have control over
Voluntary muscle control - somatic efferent
Sensory information we are aware of - somatic afferent

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3
Q

What is autonomic information

A

The stuff that we are not aware of, have no control over
Involuntary muscle control - autonomic efferent
Sensory information that we don’t know about - autonomic afferent

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4
Q

Outline the location of the two neurons in the somatic efferent division

A

Upper motor neuron: cell body in brain and axon in spinal cord
Lower motor neuron: cell body in spinal cord, axon in spinal nerve

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5
Q

Which neurons of the somatic efferent division are myelinated

A

Both the upper and the lower motor neurons

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6
Q

What is the neurotransmitter of the somatic efferent division

A

Acetylcholine

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7
Q

Summarise the somatic efferent division

A

voluntary movement
Two neurons between brain and effector (Upper motor neuron, Lower motor neuron)
Axons are myelinated
Neurotransmitter is acetylcholine
Effector - skeletal muscle

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8
Q

Summarise the autonomic efferent nervous system

A

Involuntary control
Two division - sympathetic, parasympathetic
Effectors - smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose tissue
Three neurons between brain and effector
Neuron 1 - Cell body in brain, axon in brain or spinal cord (CSN)
Neuron 2 - Cell body in brain or spinal cord (CNS), axon in PNS
Neuron 3 - Cell body in PNS, Axon in PNS

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9
Q

Expand on the features of Neuron 2 in the autonomic nervous system

A

Cell body in CNS (brain or spinal cord)
Axons extend into PNS
Myelinated
Synapse in Autonomic ganglion
Pre ganglionic neuron

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10
Q

Outline the Neuron 3 in the autonomic nervous system

A

Cell body in the PNS, autonomic ganglion
Axon extends in PNS, to effector organ
Unmyelinated
Synapse on effector organ
Post ganglionic neuron

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11
Q

What is a synapse

A

The place where neurons connect and communicate with each other

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12
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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13
Q

Outline the Sympathetic subdivision of the anatomical nervous system

A

Prepares the body for acute/stress responses
Eg effects increase heart rate, increase sweating, decrease gastric motility
Neurotransmitter is Norepinephirine

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14
Q

Outline the parasympathetic subdivision of the autonomic nervous system

A

Prepares the body for restful situations
E.g effects decrease heart rate, increase gastric mobility, decrease pupil size
Neurotransmitter is Acetylcholine

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15
Q

What are the structural differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

A

Sympathetic nervous system. Neuron 2 cell body in CNS, short axon, sympathetic ganglion close to CNS. Neuron 3 long axon. Norepinephrine
Parasympathetic nervous system. Neuron 2 cell body in CNS, long axon, parasympathetic ganglion distant from CNS. Neuron 3 short axon. Acetylcholine

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16
Q

Outline the sympathetic nervous system exit from CNS and position of ganglia

A

Pre ganglionic neuron - cell body in thoracolumbar levels (T1-T12, L1, L2) of spinal cord (CNS). Axon is short. Axon terminals are synapse in sympathetic ganglion

Post ganglionic neuron - cell body in sympathetic ganglion. Axon is long. Axon terminals/synapse in effector

17
Q

What are the features of the sympathetic chain ganglia

A

On either side of the vertebral column
21-23 pairs
Place where pre ganglionic axons synapse onto post ganglionic input zone (neuron 2 to neuron 3)
Post ganglionic cell bodies in ganglion
Long axons extend into body
Unmyelinated

18
Q

Outline the parasympathetic nervous system exit from CNS and position of ganglia

A

Pre ganglionic neuron - cell bodies in cranial (brain stem) and sacral (spinal cord) levels. Axon is long. Axon terminals synapse in parasympathetic ganglia (in or near effector)

Post ganglionic neuron - Cell body in parasympathetic nenglia in or near the effector organs. Axon is short. Axon terminals/synapse in effector

19
Q

What are collateral ganglia and where are the found

A

They receive inputs from central sympathetic neurons. They are situated anterior to the vertebral column. Innervate abdominal and pelvic organs

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