Structure of the earth

Question 1

From the colder to hotter parts of the earths structure, state the name and whether it is solid or liquid.

Answer 1

• Crust/Solid (5-10km)
• Mantle/Liquid (2900km)
• Outer core/Liquid
• Inner core/Solid

Question 2

What do Volcanos tend to be near?

Answer 2

• Plate boundarys

Question 3

Why would you want to live near a volcano?

Answer 3

• Fertile volcanic soils
• Geo thermal power
• Tourism
• Tradition

Question 4

What type of eruption was Eyjafjallajokull?

Answer 4

• A phreato-magmatic eruption

Question 5

What are some features of a Basaltic eruption?

Answer 5

• Low in silica
• Runny lava
• Gas escapes easily
• Non-Explosive

Question 6

What are some features of a Rhyolitic eruption?

Answer 6

• High in silica
• Viscous lava
• Gas escapes explosivly
• Dangerous

Question 7

What is the very good term for ash?

Answer 7

• Tephra

Question 8

What is a very good term for glacial outbursts?

Answer 8

• Jokulhlaups

Question 9

State some facts about Eyjafjallajokull

Answer 9

• 800 people evacuated from Iceland
• 17000 flights cancelled in the first 24hours
• 8km plume of ash
• Olafer and Gudni Egutsen run a farm near the volcano
• It erupted on the 14th April 2010
• 20 countrys closed their airspace for 6 days

Question 10

What are the two types of plate boundarys?

Answer 10

• Destructive plate boundarys = Plates move towards each other denser oceanic forced into mantle and destroyed. Often creates volcanos and ocean trenches.
• Constuctive plate boundarys = Two plates move away from each other. This means magma rises from the mantle to fill the gap which cools, creating new crust.
• Conservative plate boundarys = Plates move sideways past each other. Crust isn’t created or destroyed.

Question 11

When did the Nepal earthquake occur?

Answer 11

2015

Question 12

What magnitude was the Nepal earthquake?

Answer 12

• 7

Question 13

Why was the Nepal earthquake so devistating?

Answer 13

• Nepal has high population density
• The people were unprepared
• Poor infrastructure
• Education poor
• Less aid for injured people

Question 14

State four types of building technology that can be used to reduce the impact of earthquake damage.

Answer 14

• A strong flexible steel frame
• Shock absorbers
• Very deep foundations
• Strong safety glass prevents windows braking

Question 15

Monitoring for tectonic activity is another way to prevent earthquake and volcano damage. What are some ways of monitoring tectonic activity?

Answer 15

• For VOLCANOS
• Satelite images
• Seismic waves
• Gas emissions
• For EARTHQUAKES
• Animal behavior
• Laser beams that detect plate movement

Question 16

What was the largest earthquake ever?

Answer 16

• 2011 Japan (magnitude 9.0) and (20,896 deaths)

Question 17

What was the deadliest earthquake ever?

Answer 17

• Haiti (magnitute 7.0) and (316,000 deaths)

Question 18

How did Iceland predict, prepare for Eyjafyallayokul?

Answer 18

• The Icelandic Met Office
• Evacuation plans
• Dam buildings

Question 19

How does a volcano erupt?

Answer 19