structure of eukaryotic/prokaryote cells -2

Question 1

4 examples of eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

animal, plant, algal and fungal

Question 2

organelle inside animal cell

Answer 2

lysosome, ribosome, nuclear envelope, golgi apparatus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, smooth ER, rough ER, nucleolus, nucleus and cell membrane

Question 3

what 3 organelles are added to a plant cell from an animal cell

Answer 3

cellulose cell wall with plasmodesmata
vacuole
chloroplasts

Question 4

how are plant cells and algal cells similar

Answer 4

have same organelle, but chloroplasts are different, some algal cells have one long chloroplast

Question 5

what’s the difference between plant cells and fungal cells

Answer 5

cell wall is made from chitin, not cellulose
fungal cells don’t have chloroplasts

Question 6

function of cell-surface membrane

Answer 6

regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 7

function of nucleus

Answer 7

controls the cell’s activities. DNA contains instructions to make proteins. pores allow substances (RNA) to move between nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 8

function of mitochondrion

Answer 8

site of aerobic respiration to produce ATP

Question 9

function of chloroplasts

Answer 9

photosynthesis takes place

Question 10

function of golgi apparatus

Answer 10

processes and packages new lipids and proteins. makes lysosomes

Question 11

function of golgi vesicle

Answer 11

stores lipids and proteins and transports them out of the cell

Question 12

function of lysosome

Answer 12

contains digestive enzymes called lysosomes, can be used to digest invading cells

Question 13

function of ribosome

Answer 13

site where proteins are made

Question 14

function of RER

Answer 14

folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes

Question 15

function of SER

Answer 15

synthesises and processes lipids

Question 16

function of cell wall

Answer 16

supports cell and prevents them from changing shape

Question 17

function of vacuole (plants)

Answer 17

helps to maintain pressure inside the cell to keep the cell rigid

Question 18

what and where are epilethal cells

Answer 18

in the small intestine
adapted to absorb food efficiently

Question 19

how have epitethal cells adapted (3)

Answer 19

lots of villi - increase surface area for absorption
microvilli - increases surface area even more
lots of mitochondria - provides energy for the transport of digestive food molecules into the cell

Question 20

how are red blood cells adapted to carry oxygen around the body

Answer 20

no nucleus - make more room for haemoglobin

Question 21

how have sperm cells adapted to propel themselves towards the egg

Answer 21

contain lots of mitochondria to provide large amounts of energy

Question 22

prokaryote cell structure

Answer 22

cytoplasm that contains ribosomes, cell-surface membrane that’s made from proteins and lipids, flagellum, circular DNA, plasmids, cell wall and slime capsule

Question 23

function of flagellum

Answer 23

long hair-like structure that rotates to make the cell move

Question 24

function of plasmids

Answer 24

contains genes for antibiotic resistance, small loops of DNA

Question 25

function of slime capsule

Answer 25

helps to protect the bacteria from attack by cells of the immune system

Question 26

what is binary fission

Answer 26

cell replicates its genetic material before splitting into two daughter cells

Question 27

4 steps of binary fission

Answer 27

1. DNA and plasmids replicate
2. cell gets bigger and DNA loops moves to opposite poles
3. cytoplasm begins to divide
4. cytoplasm divides and 2 daughter cells are formed

Question 28

basic structure of a virus

Answer 28

capsid - protein coat, attachment proteins and a core of genetic material

Question 29

steps of viral replication

Answer 29

1. virus attaches to host cell’s receptor proteins
2. genetic material is released into the host cell
3. genetic material and proteins are replicated by host cell ‘machinery’
4. viral components assemble
5. replicated viruses released from host cell