dna and protein synthesis - 4 Flashcards
what is transcription
where the dna code is copied onto mRNA
what is translation
where the mRNA joins with a ribosome and the code it carries is used to synthesise a protein
what is replaced by thymine in RNA
uracil
what is RNA
a single polynucleotide strand
where is mRNA made
transcription
what does mRNA do
carries genetic code from dna to ribosomes
where is tRNA involved
translation
what does tRNA do
carries amino acids that are used to make proteins to the ribosomes.
structure of tRNA
single polynucleotide strand tahts folded into a clover shape
hydrogen bonds between specific base pairs
4 simple stages of transcription
- rna polymerase attaches to the dna
- complementary mRNA is formed
- RNA polymerase moves down the DNA strand
- RNA polymerase reaches stop signal
what happens in detail in the first step of transcription
hydrogen bonds between dna strands break and are unzipped
dna molecule uncoils and exposes some bases
one of the strands is used as a template strand to make an mRNA copy
