carbohydrates - 1 Flashcards
3 examples of monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose
what monomers are carbohydrates made from
monosaccharides
whats a disaccharides
two monosaccharides are joined together
which bond formed between 2 monosaccharides during a condensation reaction
glyosidic bond
formation of maltose
glucose + glucose
formation of lactose
glucose + galactose
formation of sucrose
glucose + fructose
test for sugars
benedicts
reducing sugars test
add benedicts to sample and heat in a water bath
if positive, sample will form green. yellow, orange and brick red
non-reducing sugars test
adding dilute hydrochloric acid to sample and heat in water bath
neutralise by sodium hydrogen carbonate
carry out the test you would do for reducing sugars
if positive, results will be the same for reducing sugars
when is a polysaccharide formed
when more then 2 monosaccharides are joined together by condensation reaction
what 2 things is starch made from
alpha glucose amylose and amylopectin
amylose
long, unbranched chain of a-glucose
coiled structure - good storage - fit more into small space
amylopectin
long, branched chain of a-glucose
more side branches than amylose - allow enzymes to get at the glyosidic bonds easily
glycogen
more side branches than amylopectin - stored glucose can be released quickly
compact - good for storage
cellulose
long, unbranched chains of b-glucose
cellulose chains are linked by hydrogen bonds to form strong fibers called microfibrils - provides structural support for cells
test for starch
iodine test
iodine test
add iodine dissolved in potassium iodine solution to sample.
if starch is present, sample changed to blue-black
