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Human Body Lecture > structure of blood vessels > Flashcards

structure of blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

hemodynamics

A

study of physical laws governing blood circulation

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2
Q

circulation through any vessel is influenced by

A

the content of blood and the container in which houses blood

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3
Q

content of blood

A 
# and type of cells and even shape of cells
-volume of water
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4
Q

function of arteries

A

distribution system- pushes blood from heart to tissues

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5
Q

function of capilaries

A

diffusion of nutrients and filtration ( collects waste)

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6
Q

type of capillaries

A

continuous
fenestrated
discontinuous

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7
Q

continuous capillaries

A

cells held together tightly

most common

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8
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

obvious pores that allow particles to go into ECF

-produce ultra filtrate

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9
Q

discontinuous capilaries

A

no real structure
allow passage of bigger substances such at proteins, triglycerides, amino acids
least common
-common in capillaries associated with the liver or hepatocytes

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10
Q

if you have ablockage in your left coronary artery what suffers?

A

the whole left side of your heart

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11
Q

WBC

A

defense against pathogens

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12
Q

RBC

A

oxygen conveyance

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13
Q

platelets

A

clotting

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14
Q

blood is ____% plasma and ___% cells and dissolved nutrients

A

55% plasma (made up of 90% water 10 % dissolved substances)

45% cells and dissolved nutrients

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15
Q

Red blood cell features

A

anucleated
have no mitochondria
make atp through glycolysis (means they cant make a lot)
biconvex shape

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16
Q

biconvex shape significance

A

increased surface area can carry more 02 or diffusion of gasses

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17
Q

turbulence

A

development of bubbles

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18
Q

blood pressure can be an indication in

A

hydration levels

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19
Q

albumin

A

a protein in blood important for maintaining osmolality of blood
-helps blood hold onto its water

20
Q

fibrinogen

A

a protein in blood important for blood clotting

21
Q

arborization

A

branching of vessels (giving a lot of resistance

22
Q

from a single aorta we can have ______ capillaries!

A

4 x 10^10

23
Q

only ____% of all capillaries are open to flow at rest

A

25%

24
Q

how many miles of blood vessels

A

60,000

25
Q

we perfuse different areas of the body depending on what

A

depending on what autonomic tone we are in

  • parasympathetic = rest and digest
  • sympathetic = perfuse blood through to supply organs for fight or flight
26
Q

as we branch the radius of vessels ____

A

declines

27
Q

branching causes a drop in what

A

blood pressure

28
Q

large arteries have how much mm Hg

A

90 mm Hg

29
Q

arterioles mm Hg

A

60 mm Hg

30
Q

capillaries mm Hg

A

25 mm Hg

31
Q

venules and veins

A

15-3 mm Hg by the time you get back to the vena cava

32
Q

what is washing out the pressure?

A

the branching out

-too much pressure can damage capillary walls and cause edema

33
Q

why do we want low pressure in capillaries?

A
  1. to prevent capillary wall damage
  2. encourage diffusion of waste products
    - if the pressure is too great it makes it difficult to move with conc. gradient
34
Q

significance of pressure decreasing

A

capillary walls are thing, if you send too much pressure in the capillary the walls will leak causing edema

35
Q

general structure of blood vessels

A
  1. tunica intima
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica externa or adventitia
36
Q

tunica intima made of

A

endothelial cells
CT
elastic membrane

37
Q

tunica media made of

A

smooth muscle
neurons
elastic fibers and membranes

38
Q

tunica externa made of

A

connective tissue

nerves

39
Q

capillaries are only ___ cell layer thick and have a ____

A

one cell layer thick and a thin membrane

40
Q

large veins have a _____ within the tunica intima

A

1-way valve

41
Q

nerve fibers control blood flow by _____ or _____ the vessel

A

constricting or diolating the vessel

42
Q

why do veins have less smooth muscle?

A

because they don’t have as much pressure associated with them

43
Q

vasoconstriction

A

smooth muscle cells contract occluding or closing of the lumen

44
Q

vasodilation

A

widening of lumen

increased blood flow given by the activity of smooth muscles cells

45
Q

atherosclerosis

A

a lot of fat in the blood accumulating at first just pushing walls not affecting the lumen but over time starts to close off the lumen

Human Body Lecture (15 decks)

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