Chapter 8: components of CV system and blood flow patterns Flashcards
high sympathetic tone
increased norepinephrine release therefor elevating the heart rate
if we enter a period of high parasympathetic tone
rest and digest
there will be an increase in acetylcholine
acetycholine
slows the heart rate
can the heart beat without specific neurotransmitter and nervous intervention?
yes ; without direct nervous intervation for example you severed your spinal cord your heart rate will stay at about 90 bpm , you can live you just cannot change your heart rate
perfusion
flow of blood through a group of cells
the blood is shunted toward the kidneys in which type of autonomic tone?
parasympathetic tone
rest and digest
an adult human has how many miles of blood vessels?
60,000 miles of blood vessels
hemotherm
warm blooded creature
- manage their body temp reguardless of the outside temp
- humans and birds
before birth we see some mixing of blood via
fetal shunts
what would happen if the right side of the heart created as much pressure as the left side of the heart?
- you would have problems in the lungs
- lung tissue is really delicate so if you had more blood pressure then it would rupture the capillaries and get blood around the alveoli and create pulmonary edema
bulk flow
rapid flow in one direction
- mass movement of nutrients and oxygen
- allows cells to be adequately fed
together what three components feed the body and remove waste?
heart, vessels, blood
what are the constant changes the CV system must facilitate due to the dynamic needs of the body in real time?
change in body temp
change in locomotion
change in autonomic tone
heart
muscular pump designed to keep oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate and creates different pressures
blood vessels
facilitates different pressures and cellular needs
blood
medium that facilitates bulk flow (rapid flow in one direction)
lymph vessels
a method for collecting extra fluid pushed out of the blood that has collected around the cells to prevent edema
basic flow of blood
deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of heart
- goes to the lungs for gas exchange
- oxygenated blood returns to left side of heart
- distributed to body cells
- diffusion to and from cells
- returns to right side of heart
where is pressure generated?
in both ventricles
where is resistance generated?
all of the vessels
failing CV system deprives the cells of ______ and causes the accumulation of _______ which leads to a disruption in _______ and eventually _______.
oxygen
wastes (CO2, urea, heat)
conc. gradients
cell death
