Chapter 8: components of CV system and blood flow patterns

Question 1

high sympathetic tone

Answer 1

increased norepinephrine release therefor elevating the heart rate

Question 2

if we enter a period of high parasympathetic tone

Answer 2

rest and digest

there will be an increase in acetylcholine

Question 3

acetycholine

Answer 3

slows the heart rate

Question 4

can the heart beat without specific neurotransmitter and nervous intervention?

Answer 4

yes ; without direct nervous intervation for example you severed your spinal cord your heart rate will stay at about 90 bpm , you can live you just cannot change your heart rate

Question 5

perfusion

Answer 5

flow of blood through a group of cells

Question 6

the blood is shunted toward the kidneys in which type of autonomic tone?

Answer 6

parasympathetic tone

rest and digest

Question 7

an adult human has how many miles of blood vessels?

Answer 7

60,000 miles of blood vessels

Question 8

hemotherm

Answer 8

warm blooded creature

• manage their body temp reguardless of the outside temp
• humans and birds

Question 9

before birth we see some mixing of blood via

Answer 9

fetal shunts

Question 10

what would happen if the right side of the heart created as much pressure as the left side of the heart?

Answer 10

• you would have problems in the lungs
• lung tissue is really delicate so if you had more blood pressure then it would rupture the capillaries and get blood around the alveoli and create pulmonary edema

Question 11

bulk flow

Answer 11

rapid flow in one direction

• mass movement of nutrients and oxygen
• allows cells to be adequately fed

Question 12

together what three components feed the body and remove waste?

Answer 12

heart, vessels, blood

Question 13

what are the constant changes the CV system must facilitate due to the dynamic needs of the body in real time?

Answer 13

change in body temp
change in locomotion
change in autonomic tone

Question 14

heart

Answer 14

muscular pump designed to keep oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate and creates different pressures

Question 15

blood vessels

Answer 15

facilitates different pressures and cellular needs

Question 16

blood

Answer 16

medium that facilitates bulk flow (rapid flow in one direction)

Question 17

lymph vessels

Answer 17

a method for collecting extra fluid pushed out of the blood that has collected around the cells to prevent edema

Question 18

basic flow of blood

Answer 18

deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of heart

• goes to the lungs for gas exchange
• oxygenated blood returns to left side of heart
• distributed to body cells
• diffusion to and from cells
• returns to right side of heart

Question 19

where is pressure generated?

Answer 19

in both ventricles

Question 20

where is resistance generated?

Answer 20

all of the vessels

Question 21

failing CV system deprives the cells of ______ and causes the accumulation of _______ which leads to a disruption in _______ and eventually _______.

Answer 21

oxygen
wastes (CO2, urea, heat)
conc. gradients
cell death