structure and replication of DNA

Question 1

how do you get genetic information

Answer 1

it is inherited

Question 2

DNA is a substance that

Answer 2

encodes genetic information of heredity in a chemical language

Question 3

DNA features

Answer 3

very long
double-stranded molecule
shape of double helix

Question 4

Stand of DNA

Answer 4

is made from chemical units called nucleotides

Question 5

nucletide

Answer 5

is made up of three parts: deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate and a base

Question 6

Deoxyribose molecules

Answer 6

have five carbon atoms, which number 1-5

Question 7

The phosphate of one nucleotide

Answer 7

is joined to its carbon 5’5 and linked to carbon 3’3 of the next nucleotide
3’-5’ sugar - back bone

Question 8

four types of bases

Answer 8

Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine

Question 9

Genetic information

Answer 9

is encoded in the sequence of bases along the length of one strand

Question 10

nucleotide

Answer 10

one strand of DNA are linked to the nucleotides on the second strand through their bases

Question 11

base pairs are held together by

Answer 11

hydrogen bonds

Question 12

each strand

Answer 12

sugar-phosphate backbone 3’ end starts with a deoxyribose molecule and a 5’ end that finishes with a phosphate

Question 13

two strands of DNA run

Answer 13

Antiparallel

Question 14

chromosomes packed?

Answer 14

tightly coiled DNA, which is packaged with associated proteins

Question 15

DNA molecule

Answer 15

replicate prior to cell division

Question 16

Replictaion

Answer 16

is the process by which DNA molecules can direct the synthesis of identical copies of themselves

Question 17

Template strands

Answer 17

DNA unwinds and unzips to form a template strand

Question 18

Replication

Answer 18

starts at several places along DNA molecule at the same time

Question 19

DNA polymerase requires …… to start

Answer 19

primer

Question 20

primers

Answer 20

are short, complementary sequences of nucleotides that allow binding of DNA polymerase

Question 21

3’-5’

Answer 21

leading strand is replicated continuously in the direction from 3’ to end towards 5’ end

Question 22

nucleotides

Answer 22

are added fragments on the lagging stand

Question 23

the fragments lagging stand

Answer 23

are joined together by a ligase enzyme