cellular respiration Flashcards
cellular respiration
is the energy from food molecules in cells
Glucose is broken down to
pyruvate in the cytoplasm of cells during glycolysis
Intermediates of glycolysis are
Phosphate by ATP in energy investment stage
ATP is generated in glycolysis
by the addition of inorganic phosphate
ATP+PI to ADP in the energy pay-off phase
Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
is an enzyme that catalyses
PFK is the key regulatory enzyme for
glycolysis
citric acid cycle occurs in
matrix of the mitochondria
when oxygen is present pyruvate is broken down to
acetyl group
An acetyl group combines with
coenzyme A to be transferred to the citric acid cycle acetyl coenzyme
Acetyl coenzyme A combines with
oxaloacetate to form citrate.
oxaloacetate is regenerated by
enzyme-mediated reactions in the citric acid cycle.
Some ATP is generated in the
citric acid cycle
carbon dioxide is released from the
citric acid cycle
Dehydrogenase removes
hydrogen and electrons from intermediates in the citric acid cycle
hydrogen and electrons are passed to coenzyme
NAD and FAD to produce NADH and FADH
NADH and FADH release hydrogen and high energy electrons to the
electron transport chain
high energy electrons are used to pump hydrogen ions across the
mitochondrial membrane
returning the flow of hydrogen ions through the inner mitochondrial membrane synthesizes ATP, using the membrane….
protein synthesis
most ATP is generated form the
electron transport chain
The final electron acceptor is oxygen, which combines with
hydrogen ion and electrons to form water.
in the absence of oxygen , pyruvate from glycolysis and then follows
fermentation pathway
glucose, alternative respiratory substrate includes
starch, glycogen, other sugars, amino acids and fats
