Gene expression

Question 1

Genes are encoded

Answer 1

into DNA and the genetic code is found in all forms of life

Question 2

human genes

Answer 2

have introns (non coding) exons (coding)

Question 3

gene expression is when

Answer 3

genes are transcribed and translated during

Question 4

genes in a cell

Answer 4

only a fraction of the genes in a cell are expressed

Question 5

gene expression is controlled

Answer 5

by the regulation of transcription and translation

Question 6

gene expression is influenced

Answer 6

by intracellular and extracellular environmental factors

Question 7

genes produce

Answer 7

proteins

Question 8

gene expression results in

Answer 8

the phenotype of an individual human

Question 9

protein have a variety

Answer 9

of structures
molecular shapes
which allows a wide range of functions

Question 10

polypeptides

Answer 10

proteins make polypeptides

chain amino acids held together by peptide bonds and folded in various ways

Question 11

gene expression involves

Answer 11

three types of RNA

Question 12

RNA

Answer 12

single stranded
its nucleotides contain ribose instead of deoxyribose
the base uracil (U) replaces the thymine(T) found in DNA.

Question 13

DNA in the nucleus

Answer 13

in transcribed to produce messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries a copy of the genetic code

Question 14

RNA polymerase

Answer 14

moves along DNA, unwinding the double helix and aligning RNA nucleotides by complementary base pairing to a primary transcript

Question 15

introns are removed from the primary transcription and the exons spliced to form

Answer 15

a mature mRNA transcription

Question 16

alternative RNA splicing allows

Answer 16

different mRNAs to be formed from the same primary transcription depending on which RNA segments are treated as exons and intons

Question 17

codons

Answer 17

triplets of bases on mRNA

Question 18

products of translation of mRNA

Answer 18

polypeptides

Question 19

codons code for a

Answer 19

amino acid

stop and start condons

Question 20

Ribosomes are made from

Answer 20

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 21

mRNA carries a

Answer 21

copy of DNA code from the nucleus to ribosomes

Question 22

Transfer RNA (tRNA) folds becauase

Answer 22

base pairings and forms a triplet anticodon site an attachment site for specific amino acid

Question 23

amino acid are carried

Answer 23

by specific tRNA molecules

Question 24

tRNA anticondons

Answer 24

align to their complementary codons on mRNA

Question 25

tRNA molcules

Answer 25

deliver amino acids in sequence;

then join together by polypeptide bonds to form polypeptides

Question 26

polypeptide formation,

Answer 26

tRNA exits the ribosomes to collect further amino acids

Question 27

post-translation modification

Answer 27

different proteins to be created by
cutting and combining polypeptides chains
adding a phosphate or carbohydrate groups to the protein

Question 28

alternative RNA splicing and post-translational modification

Answer 28

, one gene express many proteins