division and differentiation of human cells

Question 1

cellular differentiation

Answer 1

cell develops more specialised functions by expressing the genes characteristics

Question 2

stem cells (embryo)

Answer 2

unspecialised somatic cells that make cells into specialized cells and can divide to make copies of themselves(self renew)

Question 3

pluripotent

Answer 3

can make almost all the differentiated cells in body( wide range)

Question 4

embryonic stem cells

Answer 4

The cells of the early embryo can be cultured in the laboratory

Question 5

stem cells (adult)

Answer 5

multipotent can make all the cells found in tissue type

Question 6

Tissue (adult)

Answer 6

GRR- growth , repair , renewal

stem cells in bone marrow differentiate into red blood cells, platelets and various forms of phagocytes and lymphocytes

Question 7

stomatic cells

Answer 7

are diploid cells contain two sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 8

diploid cells(human)

Answer 8

23 pairs of homologous chromosomes

Question 9

cell division in the nucleus

Answer 9

in the nucleus of somatic cells divide by mitosis to maintain the diploid chromosomes number

Question 10

somatic cells divide by mitosis to produce

Answer 10

more somatic cells which can differentiate tissue such as:
epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous tissue

Question 11

mutations(somatic cells)

Answer 11

do not pass offspring

Question 12

germline cells

Answer 12

divide by mitosis to produce more germline cells or by meiosis to produce haploid gametes

Question 13

mutations (germline cells)

Answer 13

can be passed to offspring

Question 14

therapeutic uses of stem cells

Answer 14

area such as the repair of damaged or diseased organs or tissues

Question 15

stem cells model cells

Answer 15

study how diseases develop or for drug testing

Question 16

ethical issues

Answer 16

stem cell use and its regulation

Question 17

cancer cells

Answer 17

divide excessively to produce a mass of abnormal cells called a tumour
do not respond to regulatory signals and fail to attach to each other

Question 18

secondary tumours

Answer 18

if cancer cells fail attach to each other they can spread through the body to form secondary tumor