Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PA10315 2nd semester > structure and function of the kidney I > Flashcards

structure and function of the kidney I Flashcards

1
Q

kidney location

A

just below the liver
posteriorly
protected partially by ribs
adrenal gland on top of each kidney, endocrine function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vascular supply to the kidneys

A

renal artery/vein
aorta branches into renal artery which delivers blood
renal vein carries blood kidney to vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hilum

A

opening for attachment of vasculature (renal artery and vein)
Hilum opens into central cavity known as renal sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

kidney function

A

filtration and modification of fluids
regulate water and electrolyte balance
Remove waste products eg urea and eliminate them in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

urinary tract

A

transportation/storage of urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

renal fascia

A

connective tissue anchor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

adipose capsule

A

support and shock

Between renal capsule and renal fascia (fascia outermost)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

renal capsule

A

connective tissue/ tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney and covered in a layer of fat known as the adipose capsule of kidney.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

path of urine drainage

A 
collecting duct
papillary duct in renal pyramid
minor calyx (funnel)
major calyx
renal pelvis
ureter
urinary bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

path of blood flow

A 
renal artery
segmental arteries
interlobar arteries
afferent arterioles (very small, in contact with nephron)
glomerular capillaries
efferent arterioles
peritubular capillaries
various veins (incl interlobular)
renal vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

site of filtration
has 2 layers- inner (visceral-associated with an organ) epithelium and paretial, outer epithelium
inner is covered with podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Proximal tubule

A

tubule closest to bowman’s in a network of tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cortex

A

all bowman’s capsules, proximal and distal tubules

outer region of kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

medulla

A

loops of henle and collecting ducts

inner region of kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

juxtamedullary nephron

A

next to medulla
capillaries here are called vasa recta
make up 15% of nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

proximal tubule structure

A

convoluted
simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli
brush border provides large SA for processes (reabsorption)
and lots of mitochondria for active processes

17
Q

descending limb of loop of henle

A

thin

flattened simple squamous epithelium

18
Q

ascending limb

A

thick

simple cuboidal epitheium with no microvilli

19
Q

cuboidal epithelium

A

specialised for diffusion

20
Q

renal corpuscle

A

site of filtration

bowman’s capsule + glomerulus

21
Q

3 filtration barriers between glomerulus capillaries and bowman’s capsule lumen

A

Fenestrated capillaries- large gaps between endothelial cells (but not big enough for cells to pass through, allow all components of blood plasma to pass)
Basal lamina- thin layer of ECM, between endothelial cells and podocytes, acts as a big sieve- prevents filtration of larger proteins
Podocytes are narrow filtration slits- finest level of filtration- prevents filtration of medium sized proteins.
Filtered material moves across these barriers into the lumen of the bowman’s capsule

22
Q

glomerular filtrate

A

ultrafiltrate
contains water and dissolved solutes (water and electrolytes, glucose, AAs, waste prducts, urea), only trace amounts of protein (small), ions

23
Q

filtration fraction

A

20% amount of substance filtered from plasma into capsule (20% of total renal blood flow)

24
Q

What drives filtration

A

hydrostatic pressure of glomerular capillaries (Ph) ie pressure exerted on the wall of the vessel

25
Q

What is the hydrostatic pressure opposed by

A

Pfluid: hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the bowman’s capsule
Pi: colloid or oncotic pressure of plasma proteins

26
Q

How to work out net filtration pressure

A

Ph - Pi - Pfluid

27
Q

Glomerular filtration rate

A

volume of filtrate produced by the kidneys per minute

28
Q

Despite a net filtration pressure of only 10 mmHg, volume of filtrate is large because:

A

SA of capillaries large
Glomerular capillary endothelium is fenestrated
Glomerular capillary BP is high

29
Q

If there is increased resistance in the afferent arteriole

A

there is incr blood flow to other organs
and decr RBF
Decreased GFR

30
Q

If there is increased resistance in the efferent arteriole

A

Decreased RBF, increased Ph and GFR

31
Q

amount of solute excreted =

A

amount filtered - amount reabsorbed + amount secreted from blood

32
Q

What proportion of fluid and solutes are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule

A

65%

33
Q

proximal tubule reabsorption and secretion

A

lots of reabsorption, some secretion

osmorality same at end of proximal tubule

34
Q

ureter

A

transports urine formed in the kidney to the bladder for storage prior to secretion

35
Q

where are nephrons located

A

mostly in the cortex, but some extend into the medulla

36
Q

5 regions of the nephron overview

A
  1. renal corpuscle filters blood
  2. proximal tubule reabsorbs electrolytes, nutrients and water. 2/3 of electrolytes and water filtered from the blood returned
  3. Loop of Henle creates osmotic gradient by reabsorbing water and electrolytes differentially along its length- gradient allows kidney to concentrate urine.
  4. Distal tubule reabsorbs electrolytes and water (under hormonal control)
  5. collecting duct, more water reabsorbed (hormonal control)
37
Q

filtrate that exits proximal tubule

A

high in wastes, low in nutrients, greatly reduced in volume

38
Q

More detail of loop of henle osmotic gradient

A

Osmolarity of filtrate inside loop low in cortex and high in the medulla
water lost by osmosis as it moves from low solute conc in tubule into higher solute conc in surrounding tissue.
More concentrated as flows deeper into medulla, then solutes move out passively as fluid rounds bend, then in ascending limb ions pumped out so becomes less concentrated

39
Q

distal tubule cell types

A

simple cuboidal epithelium with little microvilli

PA10315 2nd semester (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions