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PA10315 2nd semester > Regulation of fluid compartments and lymphatic system > Flashcards

Regulation of fluid compartments and lymphatic system Flashcards

1
Q

extracellular

A

consists of plasma and ISF (outside blood surrounding cells)

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2
Q

osmosis decides

A

intracellular: extracellular volumes

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3
Q

What decides ISF: plasma volumes

A 
colloid osmotic pressure ( created by proteins)
Hydrostatic pressure (created by heart)
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4
Q

Failure to regulate fluid compartments leads to

A

oedema

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5
Q

Osmosis def

A

net diffusion of H2O across selectively permeable membrane from high to low water conc

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6
Q

Osmoles

A

total number of particles (solute) in solution

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7
Q

1 Osm

A

1 mole (6.02 x 10^23) of solute particles in 1L

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8
Q

ratio of intra to extra particles

A

intra=extra= 300 mM= 300 mOsm

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9
Q

Osmolarity independent of

A

molecular weight- dependent on number of molecules not size

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10
Q

More particles =

A

higher osmotic pressure

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11
Q

osmotic pressure def

A

pressure required to prevent osmosis

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12
Q

extracellular = 300 mOsm/L

A

isotonic- no change

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13
Q

extracellular = 200 mOsm/L

A

hypotonic- cell swells

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14
Q

extracellular = 400 mOsm/L

A

hypertonic- cell shrinks

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15
Q

why can colloid osmotic pressure occur in the capillaries

A

capillary mem is semi-permeable
Permits diffusion of ions, water, O2, nutrients, and waste
NOT proteins
hence conc of proteins much higher in plasma than ISF

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16
Q

what is colloid osmotic pressure

A

pressure exerted by higher levels of protein in the plasma compared with ISF (6x)
Draws water back into plasma by osmosis

17
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

force exerted by blood upon capillary walls
Drives blood from plasma into interstitial space
Pressure drops as blood moves through capillaries
Higher hydrostatic pressure at the beginning than the end

18
Q

NFP

A

capillary net filtration pressure

determines overall movement across capillary membrane

19
Q

NFP =

A

(Pc + πif)- (Pif + πc)

20
Q

Pc

A

capillary hydrostatic pressure

21
Q

Pif

A

ISF hydrostatic pressure

22
Q

πc

A

osmotic force due to plasma protein conc

23
Q

πif

A

osmotic force due to ISF protein conc

24
Q

P and π

A 
P= hydrostatic pressure
π= colloid osmotic pressure
25
Q

At arterial end of the capillary

A

High NFP
in mmHg
net outward filtration
hydrostatic pressure dominates

26
Q

At venous end

A

low NFP
net inward filtration
colloid pressure dominates

27
Q

hydrostatic vs colloidal osmotic

A

filtration vs absorption

28
Q

How much fluid a day is lost into tissues and what happens to it

A

8L per day, due to bulk flow

drains into lymphatic system and back into the blood

29
Q

lymphatics essential for

A

absorption of ISF

30
Q

Lymph system 2 main functions

A

drains fluid from the tissues and returns it to the cardiovascular system
Maintains immune response

31
Q

Drainage (lymph)

A

excess fluid passes into lymph capillaries, through lymph nodes (detection of infection) before going back into the bloodstream at the neck (largest is thoracic duct that drains into the subclavian vein)

32
Q

How is fluid driven in lymph vessels

A

valves
Action of muscles and breathing
Larger vessels surrounded by smooth muscle that contracts spontaneously and driven by pacemaker cells (heart)

33
Q

Immunity (lymph)

A

Lymph fluid has WBCs
Collects antigens
Antigens recognised by B cells in lymph nodes leading to activation of immunity
B cells proliferate to make antibodies

34
Q

Increased capillary pressure at both ends

A

leads to oedema and heart failure due to:

  • excessive kidney retention of H2O
  • Incr arteriolar resistance
  • high venous pressure
35
Q

Decr in colloid osmotic pressure

A

reduction in plasma proteins
loss of proteins in urine (kidney failure)
loss of protein in denuded skin areas (burns)
malnutrition

36
Q

blockage of lymph noded

s

A

water can’t get back into blood- swelling

37
Q

Intracellular oedema

A

eg friction blister of the skin
Depression of metabolic systems of the tissues and lack of nutrition to the cells
eg ischaemia: less activity of Na+ pumps leads to accumulation of Na+ in cells, causing osmosis of water into cells, swells

PA10315 2nd semester (27 decks)

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