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Hee-matte-ology > Structure and Function of Normal Red Cells > Flashcards

Structure and Function of Normal Red Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of a Red Blood Cell?

A 
Full of Hb to carry O2
No nucleus
No mitochondria
Large Surface area to volume ratio
Flexible
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2
Q

What is the consequence of RBCs having no nuclei?

A

Can’t divide or replenish themselves

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3
Q

What is the consequence of RBCs having no mitochondria?

A

They are limited to glycolysis for energy production

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4
Q

What is the consequence of the High surface area/volume ratio?

A

They must have mechanisms to keep water out

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5
Q

What helps to maintain ion concentrations?

A

Na+/K+ pump

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6
Q

What is Haemoglobin?

A

Tetrameric globular protein

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7
Q

What subunits are in adult HbA?

A

2 alpha

2 Beta subunits

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8
Q

How many heme are in each subunit of Hb?

A

1

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9
Q

How many O2 can each heme hold?

A

1 molecule

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10
Q

What is the function of haemoglobin?

A

Delivers oxygen to tissues
Acts as a H+ buffer
Transports CO2

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11
Q

What regulates RBC production?

A

Erythropoieten

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12
Q

How long does a red blood cell live for?

A

120 days

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13
Q

Where does red blood cell destruction take place?

A

Normally occurs in the liver/spleen

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14
Q

How are red blood cells destroyed?

A

Old RBCs are taken up by macrophages

Contents are recycled

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15
Q

How are RBC contents recycled?

A

Heme becomes Iron and Bilirubin

Globin becomes amino acids

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16
Q

How does Heme become bilirubin?

A

Heme > Porphyrin > Biliverdin > Bilirubin

17
Q

What prevents oxidisation of Fe2+ to Fe3+?

A

NADH

18
Q

Why is Fe3+ not desirable?

A

It doesnt carry O2

19
Q

How is energy produced for RBCs?

A

Glycolysis

20
Q

What free radicals can be produced?

A

O2- (Superoxide)

H202 (Hydrogen peroxide)

21
Q

What can free radicals do?

A

Interact with other molecules and damage their structure

22
Q

What converts 02- to H202?

A

Superoxide dismutase

23
Q

What converts H2O2 to H20?

A

Peroxidases catalase

Glutathione

24
Q

What are the 3 modes of CO2 transport?

A

Dissolved in solution
Bound to Hb
Bicarbonate

25
Q

What % of Co2 is dissolved in solution?

A

10%

26
Q

What % of CO2 is bound to Hb?

A

30%

27
Q

What % of CO2 is transported in bicarbonate?

A

60%

28
Q

What are 4 requirements for Hb-O2 transport?

A
  1. Collect when pO2 is high
  2. Hold on when pO2 drops slightly (In transport)
  3. Release when pO2 is low (in tissues)
  4. Cope with extra demand
29
Q

What is more easily saturated, HbF or HbA?

A

HbF

30
Q

What shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the left?

A

Increased pH
Decreased DPH
Decreased temperature

31
Q

What shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the right?

A

Decreased pH
Increased DPH
Increased temperature

32
Q

Whats this? A Joanne McEwan using My Flashcards?

A

Ofcourse it is

I can tell

Hee-matte-ology (17 decks)

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