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Hee-matte-ology > Introduction to Haem > Flashcards

Introduction to Haem Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic definition of blood?

A

Cells suspended in plasma

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2
Q

How many types of blood cells are there?

A

3

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3
Q

What are the types of blood cells?

A

Red Blood Cells (RBCs) White Blood Cells (WBCs) Platelets

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4
Q

What are the 3 functions of blood?

A

Transport O2 Fight infection Prevent bleeding

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5
Q

What is haematopoiesis?

A

Production of blood

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6
Q

What is blood derived from?

A

Pluripotent stem cells

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7
Q

Where does haematopoiesis occur as an embryo?

A

Yolk sac>Liver>Marrow +Spleen during 3rd to 7th month

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8
Q

Where does haematopoiesis occur at birth?

A

Mostly in bone marrow Liver and spleen if needed

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9
Q

Where does haematopoiesis occur as an adult?

A

In axial skeleton: -Skull -Ribs -Sternum -Pelvis -Femur

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10
Q

How many red cells are produced per minute?

A

100 million

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11
Q

How many Neutrophils are produced in a minute?

A

60 million

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12
Q

How many platelets are produced in a minute?

A

150 million

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13
Q

Describe the stages of Erythropoiesis

A

Pronormboblast Early normboblast Intermediate normoblast Late normoblast Reticulocyte Ertytrocyte (Mature RBC)

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14
Q

What is the function of RBCs?

A

Carry O2 Buffer CO2

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15
Q

What is the function of Platelets?

A

Stop bleeding

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16
Q

What is the function of white cells?

A

Fight infection

17
Q

What are the types of white cells?

A

Monocytes Lymphocytes Granulocytes: Neutrophils Basophils Eosiniophils

18
Q

What type of cell is this?

A

Neutrophil

-Polymorphic nucleus

19
Q

What increases neutrophil levels?

A

Infection

Trauma

Infarction

20
Q

What type of Cell is this?

A

Eosinophil

  • Bi-lobed nucleus
  • Orange/red granules
21
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

Fight parasitic infections

Hypersensitivity

22
Q

What increases eosinophil levels?

A

Allergic conditions

  • Asthma
  • Atopic rhinitis
23
Q

What kind of cell is this?

A

Basophil

-Deep purple granules

24
Q

What is the function of basophils?

A

Hypersensitivity

Fc receptors to IgM

Granules contain histamine

25
Q

What cell is the precursor for macrophages?

A

Monocytes

26
Q

What is the function of monocytes/macrophages?

A

Phagocytose invaders

Present antigens to lymphocytes

27
Q

What are the 2 types of lymphocytes?

A

Mature

Activated

28
Q

What do mature lymphocytes look like?

A

Small with condensed nucleus and rim of cytoplasm

29
Q

What do activated lymphocytes look like?

A

Large with plentiful blue cytoplasm

30
Q

What are 3 subtypes to lymphocytes?

A

B cells

T cells

Natural Killer (NK) cells

31
Q

How is the haematopoetic system examined?

A

Look at blood

Look at bone marrow

Examine spleen liver and lymph nodes

32
Q

Where is bone marrow most commonly aspirated?

A

Posterior iliac crests

Hee-matte-ology (17 decks)

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