Bleeding disorders Flashcards
What is thrombocytopaenia?
Reduced platelets
What are the 2 branches of thrombocytopenia?
Hereditary
Acquired
What are the reasons for acquired thrombocytopenia?
Reduced production
Increased destruction
What can cause peripheral platelet destruction?
Coagulopathy -DIC Autoimmune - ITP Hypersplenism
What can cause platelet functional defects?
Drugs (Aspirin, Nsaids)
Renal failure
What can cause vWF deficiency?
Hereditary
Autosomal dominant
Common
What is the most common cause of primary haemostatic failure?
Thrombocytopenia
Whatare the 2 main causes of thrombocytopenia?
Marrow failure
Peripheral destruction
What clotting factors are involved in the formation of the fibrin clot?
7 8 9 10
What can cause failure of fibrin clot formation?
Multiple clotting factor deficiencies (DIC)
Single clotting factor deficiency (Haemophilia)
What can cause multiple factor deficiencies?
Liver failure
Vitamin K deficiency/Warfarin
Complex coagulopathy
Where are coagulation factors made?
Hepatocytes
What factors are carboxylated by vitamin K?
2,7,9 and 10
Where can vitamin K be sourced?
Diet
Intestinal synthesis
Where is vitamin k absorbed?
Upper intestine
What are causes of vitamin K deficiency?
poor dietary intake malabsorption Obstructive jaundice Warfarin Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn
What happens in disseminated intravascular coagulation?
Excessive and inappropriate activation of the haemostatic system
Microvascular thrombus formation
Clotting factor consumption
What are the consequences of DIC?
Fibrinolysis End organ failure Bruising Purpura Generalised bleeding
What tests can be done for fibrin clot formation?
Pt
Aptt
D-dimers
What are 4 causes of DIC?
Sepsis
Obstetric emergencies
malignancy
Hypovolaemic shock
What is the treatment of DIC?
Platelet transfusions
Plasma transfusions
Fibrinogen replacement
What is haemophilia?
hereditary disorder
Abnormally prolonged bleeding recurs episodically
How is haemophilia inherited?
X-linked
What is more common haemophilia A or B?
A
