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Hee-matte-ology > Bleeding disorders > Flashcards

Bleeding disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is thrombocytopaenia?

A

Reduced platelets

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2
Q

What are the 2 branches of thrombocytopenia?

A

Hereditary

Acquired

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3
Q

What are the reasons for acquired thrombocytopenia?

A

Reduced production

Increased destruction

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4
Q

What can cause peripheral platelet destruction?

A 
Coagulopathy
-DIC
Autoimmune 
- ITP
Hypersplenism
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5
Q

What can cause platelet functional defects?

A

Drugs (Aspirin, Nsaids)

Renal failure

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6
Q

What can cause vWF deficiency?

A

Hereditary
Autosomal dominant
Common

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of primary haemostatic failure?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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8
Q

Whatare the 2 main causes of thrombocytopenia?

A

Marrow failure

Peripheral destruction

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9
Q

What clotting factors are involved in the formation of the fibrin clot?

A

7 8 9 10

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10
Q

What can cause failure of fibrin clot formation?

A

Multiple clotting factor deficiencies (DIC)

Single clotting factor deficiency (Haemophilia)

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11
Q

What can cause multiple factor deficiencies?

A

Liver failure
Vitamin K deficiency/Warfarin
Complex coagulopathy

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12
Q

Where are coagulation factors made?

A

Hepatocytes

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13
Q

What factors are carboxylated by vitamin K?

A

2,7,9 and 10

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14
Q

Where can vitamin K be sourced?

A

Diet

Intestinal synthesis

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15
Q

Where is vitamin k absorbed?

A

Upper intestine

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16
Q

What are causes of vitamin K deficiency?

A 
poor dietary intake
malabsorption
Obstructive jaundice
Warfarin
Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn
17
Q

What happens in disseminated intravascular coagulation?

A

Excessive and inappropriate activation of the haemostatic system
Microvascular thrombus formation
Clotting factor consumption

18
Q

What are the consequences of DIC?

A 
Fibrinolysis
End organ failure
Bruising
Purpura
Generalised bleeding
19
Q

What tests can be done for fibrin clot formation?

A

Pt
Aptt
D-dimers

20
Q

What are 4 causes of DIC?

A

Sepsis
Obstetric emergencies
malignancy
Hypovolaemic shock

21
Q

What is the treatment of DIC?

A

Platelet transfusions
Plasma transfusions
Fibrinogen replacement

22
Q

What is haemophilia?

A

hereditary disorder

Abnormally prolonged bleeding recurs episodically

23
Q

How is haemophilia inherited?

A

X-linked

24
Q

What is more common haemophilia A or B?

A

A

25
Q

What is deficient in haemophilia A?

A

VIII

26
Q

What is deficienct in haemophilia B?

A

IX

27
Q

Is there abnormalities in primary haemostasis in haemophilia/

A

No

28
Q

What are clinical features of severe haemophilia?

A

Recurrent Haemarthroses
recurrent soft tissue bleeds (bruising)
Prolonged bleeding after procedures

Hee-matte-ology (17 decks)

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