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Hee-matte-ology > Haemostasis > Flashcards

Haemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is haemostasis?

A

The arrest of bleeding and the maintenance of vascular patency

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2
Q

What are the 4 requirements for haemostasis?

A

Permanent state of readiness
Prompt response
Localised response
Protection against unwanted thrombosis

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3
Q

What is primary haemostasis?

A

Formation of platelt plug

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4
Q

What is secondary haemostasis?

A

Formation of fibrin clot

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5
Q

What are the 4 components of normal haemostatic system?

A

Formation of platelet plug
Formation of fibrim clot
Fibrinolysis
Anticoagulant defences

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6
Q

How and where are platelets formed?

A

In the bone marrow by budding from megakaryocytes

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7
Q

What are platelts?

A

Small anucleate discs

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8
Q

WHat is the lifespan of a platelet?

A

7-10days

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9
Q

How does platelet adhesion happen?

A

Vessel wall damage exposes collagen and releases VWF that platelets have receptors for

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10
Q

What leads to aggregation of platelets at the injury site?

A

Secretion of chemicals by the platelets

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11
Q

What can cause failure of platelet plug formation?

A 
Vascular
Platelets
-Reduced number
-Reduced function
von WIllebrand facotr
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12
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

Reduced platelets

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13
Q

What are the consequences of failure of platelet plug formation?

A 
Spontaneous bruising
Purpura
Mucosal bleeding
Epistaxed
GI
Conjunctibal
Menorrhagia
ICH
Retinal haemorrhages
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14
Q

What is a screening test for primary haemostasis?

A

Platelet count

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15
Q

What can cause failure of fibrin clot formation?

A 
Single clotting factor deficiency
(Haemophilia)
Multiple clotting factor deficiencies
-Disseminated intravascular coagulationg
Increased fibrinolysis
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16
Q

What converts plasminogen to plasmin?

A

tPA

17
Q

What breaks down Fibrin?

A

Plasmin

18
Q

What are the consequences of failure of fibrin clot formation?

A

No characteristic clinical syndrome

19
Q

What screening tests can be done for fibrin clot formation?

A

Prothrombin time

Activated partial thromboplastin time

20
Q

What are naturally occuring anticoagulants?

A

Serine protease inhibitors
Anti-thrombin
Protein C
Protein S

21
Q

What is thrombophilia?

A

Deficiency of naturally occuring anticoagulants

Increased tendency to develop venous thrombosis

Hee-matte-ology (17 decks)

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