Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hee-matte-ology > Malignant Haematology > Flashcards

Malignant Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

What is malignancy haemopoeisis?

A

Increased numbers of abnormal and dysfunctional cells

Loss of normal activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can malignant haemopoiesis affect?

A

Haemopoeisis

Immune function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can cause malignancy haemopoiesis?

A

Increased proliferation
Lack of differentiation
Lack of maturation
Lack of apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What occurs in acute leukamia?

A

Proliferation of abnormal progenitors with block in differentiation/maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What occurs in chronic myeloproliferative disorders?

A

Proliferation of abnormal progenitors but no differentiation block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes haematological malignancies?

A

Genetic
Environmental
Mutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are clones?

A

Population of cells derivedd from a single parent cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is normal haemopoeisis polyclonal or monoclonal?

A

Polyclonal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is malignant haemopoiesis monoclonal or polyclonal?

A

Monoclonal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What mutations confer growth advantage?

A

Driver mutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 types of haematological malignancies?

A

Based on lineage
Based on developmental stage
Based on anatomical site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 2 different lineages of haem malignancies?

A

Myeloid

Lymphoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the types of haem malignanciesbased on developmental stage?

A

Lymphoblastic
Lymphocytic
Myeloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a Haem malignancy involving blood?

A

Leukaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a haem malignancy that involved lymph nodes with lymphoid malignancy?

A

Lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is myeloma?

A

Plasma cell malignancy in marrow

17
Q

What haem malignancy can involve blood and lymph nodes?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

18
Q

What is more aggressive: Chronic/Low grade or Acute/High grade?

A

Acute/High grade

19
Q

What are features of histological aggression?

A

Large cells with high N:C ratio
Prominent nucleoli
Rapid proliferation

20
Q

What are features of clinical aggression?

A

Rapid progression of symptoms

21
Q

What do acute leukaemias present with?

A

Failure of normal bone marrow function

22
Q

What is acute leukaemia?

A

Rapidly progressive clonal malignancy of the marrow/blood with maturtion defects
>20% of blasts in peripheral blood
Loss of normal haemopoietic reserve

23
Q

What are 2 types of acute leukaemia?

A

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)

24
Q

What is Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?

A

Malignant disease of primitive lymphoid cells

25
Q

what is the most common childhood cancer?

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

26
Q

What is the clinical presentation of ALL?

A

Anaemia
Infections
Bleeding
Bone pain

27
Q

What age group is likely to get acute myeloid leukaemia?

A

> 60Years

28
Q

What investigations for acute leukaemia?

A 
Blood count and film
Coagulation screen
Bone marrow aspirate
Morphology
Immunophenotype
29
Q

What is seen on blood film in acute leukaemia?

A

Reduction in normal
Presence of abnormal cells (Blasts) with high N:C ratio
Auer rod

30
Q

What is required for a definitive diagnoses between AML and ALL?

A

Immunophenotyping

31
Q

How is acute leukaemia treated?

A

Multi-agent chemotherapy

32
Q

How is ALL treated?

A

Can last up to 3 years

Different phases

33
Q

How is AML treated?

A

2-4 cycles of chemotherapy

Prolonged hospitalisation

34
Q

What are problems of marrow suppression?

A

Anemia
Neutropenia
Infections
Thrombocytopenia

35
Q

What bacteria affect marrow suppressed patients?

A

Gram -VE bacteria

36
Q

What are the complications of chemotherapy?

A 
Nausea and Vomiting
Hair Loss
Liver
Renal dysfunction
Tumour lysis syndrome
Infections
37
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial infectionas soon as neutropenic fever?

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics

38
Q

What is remission?

A

<5% marrow blasts with recovery of normal haemopoieses

39
Q

What will some patients die of?

A

Treatment-related toxicity

Hee-matte-ology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions