Structural Organisation in Animals 2 Flashcards
what is the origin of connective tissue
Origin- Mesodermal
what is matrix of connective tissue
Also known as Ground substance and is composed of
mucopolysaccharide (modified polysaccharide) present in
the form of Hyaluronic Acid.
cells present in connective tissue
(i) fibroblast cells
(ii) mast cells
(iii) macrophage
(iv)
what are fibroblast cells and what is their function
- Largest cells of connective tissue and most maximum in number
- Irregular in shape due to long cytoplasmic processes.
- Cytoplasm is rich in rough ER (producing protein fibres)
- Primary function is to produce protein fibres.
Secrete most of the matrix of Connective Tissue
(Chief matrix producing cell).
what are macrophages
2nd largest in size
* 2nd maximum in number
Amoeboid cells, with
Kidney Shaped Nucleus
*Cytoplasm is agranular but appears to be granular due
to more number of lysosomes
* Phagocytic in nature. Destroy microbes by phagocytosis
*Also called scavengers of connective tissue because they
destroy dead or damaged cells to clean connective tissue
what are mast cells
Small and amoeboid cells
with S-shaped nucleus.
Secrete histamine, serotonin & heparin.
Secrete small amount of matrix in connective tissue.
Histamine - amino acid derivative, vasodilator,
inflammation
Serotonin - amino acid derivative, vasoconstrictor
Heparin- mucoploysaccharide, natural anticoagulant
what are types of fat cells
(i) Monolocular Adipocyte
* Forms White fat
* Single, large, central fat globule is present.
* Cytoplasm and nucleus becomes peripheral.
(ii)Multilocular - Adipocyte
* Forms Brown fat
*Many, small, fat granules distributed in cytoplasm around
nucleus
* Cytoplasm is more
what are lymphocytes
Centrally located large nucleus and hence cytoplasm
becomes peripheral.
Key cell of immune system and is involved in production of
antibodies
it has clear cytoplasm
what are plasma cells
Small amoeboid cells
* In these cells rounded nucleus is present in which chromatin
material is arranged like spokes (radial rows) in wheels so they are
called as cart wheel cells
* Also called clones of lymphocytes as these are formed by division of
lymphocytes
Produce and transport antibodies
what is collagen fibres
▪ Made up of collagen protein
(Most abundant protein in animal kingdom)
▪Wavy, unbranched, inelastic, tough fibres
arranged in bundles (fascia)
▪ On boiling they yield gelatin
what is elastic fibres
▪ Composed of elastin protein
▪ Branched but arranged singly
▪ Maximum elasticity is present
▪ Highly resistant to chemicals
▪ On boiling they do not yield gelatin
what are reticular fibres
Composed of reticulin protein
▪Highly branched fibres which always form dense network
▪Delicate fibres, elasticity absent
▪Mainly found in lymphoid organs such as spleen, lymph
nodes etc.
describe areolar connective tissue
▪ Also known as Spongy Connective Tissue.
▪ It is most widely distributed tissue in the body.
▪ Maximum intercellular space and matrix is present.
▪Due to irregular arrangement of bundle of collagen fibres many
gaps are present. These gaps are called areolae.
▪ In areolae other component of connective tissue like fibres, cells
& matrix are distributed. Few elastic fibres are present.
▪ Fibroblast cells, macrophages and mast cell are more in number.
▪ Function: it serve as a support framework for epithelium.
where is areolar tissue found
-tela subcutanea: tissue connecting skin and unerlying tissue
- submucosa of trachea,bronchi,oesophagus and stomach,inestine
-endomysium and perimysium of muscle tissue
- joins integument with muscles
what is adipose tissue
Another type of loose connective tissue located mainly
beneath the skin.
▪ It contain adipocytes / fat cells abundantly.
▪ The cells of this tissue are specialized to store fats the excess
of nutrients which are not used immediately are converted
into fats and are stored in this tissue.
-fibroplasts store fats in adipose tissue
where is brown fat found
Cold resistance in new born baby is due to
presence of brown fat.
Hibernating animals Like Rat, Shrew
where is white fat
A thin continuous layer of white fat under the
dermis of skin which is also called hypodermis
of skin.
*Yellow Bone Marrow
*Blubber of whale
*Hump Of Camel
*Fat Bodies of Frog
2 types of dense connective tissue
- More fibers and less matrix.
- Fibers and fibroblast cells are compactly
packed in dense connective tissue .
-dense regular tissue-cord
-dense irregular tissue - sheath
white fibrous
-more of collagen, less elastin
yellow fibrous
-less collagen, more elsatin
explain different white fibrous connective tissue
CORD –Many parallel bundles of collagen fibres and rows of
fibroblasts in matrix are present alternately (Regular pattern)
TENDON : Connect muscle to bone
SHEATH – In this form there is no regular pattern of fibres and
fibroblasts in matrix. Cells and fibres are arranged in criss-cross
manner.
Outermost covering of major organs
(1)PERICARDIUM
explain different yellow fibrous connective tissue
CORD –In this form bundles of collagen fibres and fibroblasts in matrix
distributed in regular pattern & in matrix yellow fibres form network.
LIGAMENT : Connect bone to bone
SHEATH – Irregular distributions of fibres and matrix with elastic fibre.
Wall of Alveoli of Lungs////Wall of Small Bronchioles
Wall of Lymph Vessels & Blood Vessels
True Vocal Cords
describe cartilage
▪Outer most covering of cartilage is called Perichondrium (WFCT).
▪Matrix is solid, pliable and can resists compression.
▪Chondroblast- Cartilage producing cells.
▪Chondrocyte- Enclosed in small cavities (Lacunna).)formed by division of chondroblast)
▪Chondroclast- Cartilage destroying cells.
▪Matrix of cartilage is called chondrin composed of Chondroitin-6-
sulphate and mucopolysacchride (hyaluronic acid).
Matrix of cartilage provides rigidity & elasticity to cartilage.
▪Blood supply is absent in the matrix of cartilage but present in
perichondrium.
what are the 4 types of cartilage?
(i hyaline cartilage
(ii)elastic cartilage
(ii) white fibrous cartilage
(iv) calcified cartilage
what is hyaline cartilage
It is most common cartilage of human body.
▪Most of the part of embryonic skeleton is composed of this
cartilage so maximum bones of our body are cartilagenous
bones because they are developed from cartilage.
▪Matrix of cartilage is glass like clear because fibres are
completely absent.
▪Colour of matrix is bluish and is translucent.
(2) “C” Shaped Rings of Trachea and Bronchi
(1) Laryngeal Cartilage
(3) Nasal Septum
(4) Sternal Part of Ribs (Costal Cartilage)
(5) Articular Cartilage
what is elastic cartilage
In the matrix of this cartilage yellow fibres form network so
is highly flexible cartilage of our body.
- Tip of nose
- Ear Pinna
- Eustachian Tube
- Epiglottis
