Kingdom Protista Flashcards
what are modes of nutrition
(i) halophytic or photosynthetic
(ii) holozoic
(iii) osmotrophic or absorptive:
enzymes released out of the body to digest the food and then abrobsed. If food is absrobed from a living being, then it is a parasite if absorbed from dead matter, then it is a saprotroph
iv) mixotrophic- more than one type of nutrtiion
how to protist reproduce asexually
(i) binary fission
chrysophytes,euglenoids,dinoflagellate
(ii) Spore formation
they form sporangium which have spores. these burst and disperse the spores.
ex: slime moulds
explain the 3 types of sexual reproduction
2 haploid gametes fuse to form diploid zygote =. this is called syngamy. there are 3 types:
(i) isogamy
fusion of morphologically similar gametes which may or may not be physiologically similar.
Fusion of physiologically dissimilar gametes but morphological similar is called physiological anisogmay
(ii) anisogamy
fusion of morphologically dissimilar gametes which may or may not physilogically similar.
(iii) oogamy
specialised anisogamy
male gamete= small and motile/immotile
female gamete= large and immotile.
takes place within female cell/ sex organs
describe haplontic life cycle
(i) gametes are formed by mitosis. gametes are n
(ii) gametes fuse giving rise to diploid zygote(2n)
(iii) zygote undergos meiosis ( zygotic meiosis) resulting in haploid offpsrings
this happens in organisms which are haploid
describe diplontic life cycle
(i) gametes are formed by meiosis of cell ( gametic meiosis)
gameets are haploid
(ii) gametes fuse giving rise to diploid zygote
(iii) mitosis occurs in zygote, to form organism
happens in organisms which are diploid
how do dinoflagelates move
Dinoflagellates show a special type of movement which is like whirling whips,
therefore they are called “whirling whips”.
what pigments dinoflagellate has
Chlorophyll ‘a’, Chl. ‘c’
and Xanthophylls (Dinoxanthin & Didinoxanthin).
do dinoflagellate have histones
no histones in chroomosome of dingogflagellate
what are dinoflagellates called due to luminiscence
Dinoflagellates (e.g. - Noctiluca, Gonyaulax show ‘bioluminescence’ due to
presence of photogenic granules in cytoplasm, so these dinoflagellates are also
known as ‘night light’.
Dinoflagellates are also called “fire algae”. Because they appear as glowing light due
to bioluminescence.
structure of cell wall
(i) The cell wall(shell) of diatoms is made up of cellulose in which silica particles are
embedded in at many places. Due to which the cell wall appears to be made up of
silica. This silicated cell wall is called “shell” or “frustule”.
upper part of soapbox-lid- epitheca
lower part- hypotheca
(iii) diatomaceous earth=diatomite= kieselgurh
(iv) desmid-> haploid
diatom-> diploid
v) food are stored in the form of leucosine and chrysolaminarin
(vi) reproduce by auxospores.s
pigments Chlorophyll ‘a’, Chl ‘c’, and xanthophyll (fucoxanthin)
uses of diatomite
Sound proofing
Filteration of oils and syrups
Stone polishing
As “Heat insulator” in steam boilers because the keiselgurh is bad conductor of
heat.
features of euglenoids
(i) Previously euglenoids were placed in plant kingdom due to their photosynthetic
ability. But due to the absence of cell wall and animals like nutrition some scientists
placed them in animal kingdom. But now according to five kingdom classification
they are included in Protista.
(ii)found in damp soil and brackish water.
(iii)At the anterior end of Euglenoids, a cavity is present, which is known as reservoir.
Flagellum is orginated from the base of reservoir. Euglenoids have only one
functional flagellum and one non functional flagellum. One eye spot is present at
anterior position.
(iv)They have a contractile vacuole. These contractile vacuoles help in osmoregulation.
v)Chl. ‘a’ , Chl. ‘b’ and Xanthophyll (Zeaxanthin) –
These pigments are identical to higher plants
vi)They have Paramylum and fat as stored food.
why are slime moulds called false fungi
These organisms develop a slimy mass at the time of their vegetative phase therefore they are called slime moulds. They are also called false fungi.
which dinoflagellate are called sea ghosts
noctulica
why are slima moulds called naked fungi
they are called so wrt frutiing body
