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MP: Neurology > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

what is stroke?

A

acute neurological deficit lasting >24 hours + caused by a cerebrovascular aetiology

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2
Q

what are the 2 types of stroke?

A

ischaemic

haemorrhagic

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3
Q

what kind of general symptoms may be experienced in stroke?

A

visual defects
weakness
asphasia
ataxia

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4
Q

what symptoms are there in carotid artery disease?

A

contra-lateral weakness or sensory loss

if dominant hemisphere - aphasia/ataxia

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5
Q

what symptoms are there in middle cerebral artery?

A

weakness predominantly contralateral face and arm

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6
Q

what symptoms are there in anterior cerebral artery?

A

weakness + sensory loss in contralateral leg

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7
Q

wha symptoms are there in vertebro-basilar artery disease?

A

vertigo
ataxia
dysarthria

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8
Q

what is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A 
voluntary movements 
reasoning
exudative functions
personality
emotion control
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9
Q

what is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A

knowing left from right
reading/writing
body orientation
calculation

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10
Q

what is the cause of strokes?

A

infarction - thrombotic/embolic

haemorrhage - spontaneous/ trauma

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11
Q

where is the most common place for a thrombotic event?

A

middle cerebral

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12
Q

how is a stroke diagnosed?

A

clinical

CT/MRI to differentiate

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13
Q

what does an infarction look like on CT?

A

hypoattenuation (darkness) of brain parenchyma

hyperattenutation (lightness) in artery -indicated clot within lumen

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14
Q

what does a haemorrhage look like on CT?

A

hyperdense lesion

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15
Q

how is a total anterior circulation stroke classified?

A

must have 3;
unilateral weakness of face, arm, leg
homonymous hemianopia
higher cerebral dysfunction (dysphasia, visuospatial disorder)

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16
Q

how is partial anterior circulation syndrome classified?

A

must have 2:
unilateral weakness of face, arm, leg
homonymous hemianopia
higher cerebral dysfunction (dysphasia, visuospatial disorder)

17
Q

how is a posterior circulation syndrome classified?

A

1 of:
cerebellar/brain stem (CN palsy) syndrome
loss of consciousness
isolated homonymous hemianopia

18
Q

how is a lucunar syndrome classified?

A

1 of:
unilateral weakness of face, arm, leg
pure sensory stroke
ataxic hemiparesis

19
Q

what is the treatment of a stroke?

A

ABCDE

thromboylsis

20
Q

what is the protocol of thrombolysis?

A

if seen <48 hours after onset of symptoms + no complications

21
Q

what is the contra-indications?

A

haemorrhagic stroke

22
Q

what is secondary prevention for stroke?

A

anti-hypertensives

clopidogrel

23
Q

what is the CHAD2 score

A

risk factor based approach

24
Q

what is a TIA?

A

sudden onset of focal CNS phenomena due to temporally occlusion of park of the cerebral circulation

25
Q

what is a TIA usually caused by?

A

emboli

26
Q

how long does a TIA usually last for?

A

<24 hours

27
Q

what is a amaurosis fugax?

A

curtain descending

emboli passes through retinal artery

28
Q

what symptoms are not common in TIA and stroke?

A

global features - dizziness/syncope is not common in TIA

29
Q

what is the treatment for a TIA?

A

control CVS risk factors
anti platelet drugs
warfarin indications

30
Q

what type of anti-platelet drugs are used/

A

clopidogrel

31
Q

what is the MOA of clopidogrel?

A

thienepyrdine inhibits platelet aggregation by modifying ADP receptors

32
Q

what is the most common origin of TIAs?

A

stenosis of internal carotid artery

33
Q

how is stenosis of an internal carotid artery treated?

A

carotid endartectomy

34
Q

what is the driving indications for those who have had a TIA?

A

avoid driving for 1 month

inform DVLA if multiple attacks in a short period of time

MP: Neurology (24 decks)

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