Stroke Flashcards
what is stroke?
acute neurological deficit lasting >24 hours + caused by a cerebrovascular aetiology
what are the 2 types of stroke?
ischaemic
haemorrhagic
what kind of general symptoms may be experienced in stroke?
visual defects
weakness
asphasia
ataxia
what symptoms are there in carotid artery disease?
contra-lateral weakness or sensory loss
if dominant hemisphere - aphasia/ataxia
what symptoms are there in middle cerebral artery?
weakness predominantly contralateral face and arm
what symptoms are there in anterior cerebral artery?
weakness + sensory loss in contralateral leg
wha symptoms are there in vertebro-basilar artery disease?
vertigo
ataxia
dysarthria
what is the frontal lobe responsible for?
voluntary movements reasoning exudative functions personality emotion control
what is the parietal lobe responsible for?
knowing left from right
reading/writing
body orientation
calculation
what is the cause of strokes?
infarction - thrombotic/embolic
haemorrhage - spontaneous/ trauma
where is the most common place for a thrombotic event?
middle cerebral
how is a stroke diagnosed?
clinical
CT/MRI to differentiate
what does an infarction look like on CT?
hypoattenuation (darkness) of brain parenchyma
hyperattenutation (lightness) in artery -indicated clot within lumen
what does a haemorrhage look like on CT?
hyperdense lesion
how is a total anterior circulation stroke classified?
must have 3;
unilateral weakness of face, arm, leg
homonymous hemianopia
higher cerebral dysfunction (dysphasia, visuospatial disorder)
how is partial anterior circulation syndrome classified?
must have 2:
unilateral weakness of face, arm, leg
homonymous hemianopia
higher cerebral dysfunction (dysphasia, visuospatial disorder)
how is a posterior circulation syndrome classified?
1 of:
cerebellar/brain stem (CN palsy) syndrome
loss of consciousness
isolated homonymous hemianopia
how is a lucunar syndrome classified?
1 of:
unilateral weakness of face, arm, leg
pure sensory stroke
ataxic hemiparesis
what is the treatment of a stroke?
ABCDE
thromboylsis
what is the protocol of thrombolysis?
if seen <48 hours after onset of symptoms + no complications
what is the contra-indications?
haemorrhagic stroke
what is secondary prevention for stroke?
anti-hypertensives
clopidogrel
what is the CHAD2 score
risk factor based approach
what is a TIA?
sudden onset of focal CNS phenomena due to temporally occlusion of park of the cerebral circulation
