Patterns in Neurology Flashcards
What are the patterns of UMN?
corticospinal distribution
hemi-paresis, quadraparesis, paraparesis
What are the patterns of LMN?
generalised proximal + focal
NO involvement of corticospinal innervated nerves
What are the UMN signs?
increased tone
exaggerated jaw movements
weak extensor of upper limb + weak flexors of the lower limb
spasticity
What are the LMN signs?
muscle wasting, weakness, fascinations
absent/reduced reflexes
What kind of distribution does LMN sensory loss look like?
gloves + stockings
What are the cerebella signs?
wide, unsteady gait
intention tremor
dysdiadokokinesis
Nystagmus
What lobe generates novel strategies/self criticism?
frontal lobe
What structure generates motivation?
cingulate gyrus
dorso-medial
What lobe is responsible for congruous upper homonymous quadrantanaopia?
Temporal lobe
What is the name of the syndrome which is the disease of the dominant angular gyrus?
Grestmann Syndrome
What lobe is responsible for congruous homonymous lower quandrantopia?
Parietal lobe
What is a rhythmic sinusoidal oscillation of a body part?
tremor
What are the 2 types of tremor?
essential - abnormal tremor in bilateral upper arms §§
dystonic
What 2 drugs can be given to stop tremor?
Propranolol + Primidone
What is an involuntary stereotyped movements?
tics
What is copropraxia?
production of rude gestures
What is echopraxia?
coping other peoples actions
What is coprolalia?
saying of rude words
What is echolalia?
Copying others words
What is palilalia?
repetition of words/phrases
What is brief irregular purposeless movements which foot from one body part to another?
Chorea
What is involuntary sustained muscle contraction?
Dystonia
What gene is affected in torsion dystonia?
DYT1 gene
How do you treat dystonia?
Botox A+B
