Parkinson's Disease Flashcards
what is parkinson’s disease?
chronic, progressive neurological disorder characterised by motor symptoms.
what is the triad of parkinson’s disease?
tremor
rigidity/increased tone
bradykinesia
what other symptoms are seen in parkinson’s diseasE?
stooped posture
decreased arm swing, narrow base with short shuffling steps
what part of the brain does parkinson’s effect?
substantia nigra
what is the pathology behind parkinson’s?
mitochondrial DNA dysfunction causes misfolded alpha synyuclein
what is lost in parkinson’s?
doperminergic neurones
what are the 3 other differentials of parkinson’s?
vascular parkinsonionism
multi-sysem atrophy
progressive supranuclear palsy
what is found in vascular parkinsonioism?
lower libs
rest tremor - uncommon
hypertension, diabetes
what is found in multi-system atrophy?
early autonomic features e.g. impotence, incontinence
cerebellar features, rigidity
what is found in progressive supra nuclear palsy?
early postural instability + falls
vertical gaze palsy
rigidity
what is first line for parkinson’s?
levodopa
what is levodopa also given with?
madopar
what is the MOA of madopar?
dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor
what are the SE of levodopa + madopar?
dyskinesia
motor fluctuations
what is second line for parkinson’s?
dopamine antagonist?
what is an example of a dopamine antagonist?
roponirole
pramopexole
what are the SE of dopamine antagonists?
pathological gambling
compulsive spening
hallucinations
what aids tremor in the elderly?
anti-cholingerics - benxhexol
Beta blockser
what is rapid eye sleep behavioural disorder?
parasomnias characterised by abnormal disruptive sleep behaviour
how is rapid eye sleep behavioural disorder diagnosed?
overnight polysomnography
how is rapid eye sleep behavioural disorder diagnosed?
clonazepam
what is given in late stage parkinson’s?
Rivastigmine
