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PTI 3 - Midterm > Stretching - Class 2 > Flashcards

Stretching - Class 2 Flashcards

1
Q

stretching

A

any therapeutic maneuver designed to

-lengthen shortened soft tissue structures

-increase ROM

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2
Q

stretching will cause

A

structures that have become adaptively shortened become lengthened

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3
Q

hypomobility

A

decreased or restricted motion caused by adaptive shortening of the tissues

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4
Q

what causes hypomobility

A

immobilization

lifestyle

posture

postural alignment

neuromuscular disorders

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5
Q

contracture

A

adaptive shortening of a the muscle-tendon unit and other soft tissues that cross of surround a joint

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6
Q

what does a contracture result in

A

significant resistance to passive stretch

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7
Q

what can a contracture show

A

obvious limitations in ROM

great affects on fxnal ability

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8
Q

what is detrimental

A

the supporting structures of a joint and the strength of the muscles around a joint are insufficient –> cannot hold a joint in a stable, fxnal position during activities

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9
Q

stretching can decrease

A

power generation

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10
Q

indications of stretching

A

decreased ROM

prevent structural deformities

muscle weakness and shortening of opposing tissues

component of total fitness or conditioning program

pt desire

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11
Q

what may stretching be used

A

prior to or after vigorous exercise

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12
Q

contraindications to stretching

A

bony block that limits joint motion

recent fx or incomplete bony union

sharp pain w/ movement

hypermobility

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13
Q

contraindications to stretching (2)

A

acute hematoma

shortened tissues that provide stability

certain mm on an individual with SCI

life threatening situations

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14
Q

when to be cautious

A

if someone hasn’t been stretched in an extended period of time

immobilization, inactivity, injury, frail, elderly

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15
Q

principles for stretching to be effective

A

alignment

stabilization

intensity

duration

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16
Q

principles for stretching to be effective (2)

A

speed

frequency

mode

inhibition or facilitation

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17
Q

alignment

A

position of a limb or the body that the stretch force is given tot he appropriate muscle group

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18
Q

what is necessary to maintain good alignment

A

stabilization

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19
Q

how does stabilization help stretching

A

one site of attachment of a muscle being stretching is stabilized so that the stretch force is applied to the other body attachment

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20
Q

intensity of stretch

A

magnitude of the stretch applied

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21
Q

duration of stretch

A

length of time stretch is applied

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22
Q

speed of stretch

A

speed on initial application of stretch force

23
Q

what speed is generally recommended

A

slow force

24
Q

why use a slow force

A

minimize mm activation

reduces risk of injury and soreness

avoids stimulation of stretch reflex

25
Q

frequency of stretch

A

number of sessions per day or wk

26
Q

mode of stretch

A

form or matter in which force is applied

pt participation

source of the stretch

27
Q

form or matter in which force is applied –> mode of stretch

A

statis

ballistic

cyclic

28
Q

pt participation –> mode of stretch

A

passive

assisted

active

29
Q

source of the stretch –> mode of stretch

A

manual

self

mechanical

30
Q

how to prepare a pt

A

general warm up

local heat application

relaxation techniques

proper hand placements/grip

watch pt response

31
Q

general warm up –> prepare

A

increase blood flow

32
Q

watch pt response –> prepare

A

watch for pain/guarding

33
Q

stretching techniques

A

static stretching

ballistic stretching

proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching

34
Q

static stretching

A

muscle and connective tissue are help in a stationary position at their greatest possible length

35
Q

duration of static stretching

A

30-60 s

36
Q

ballistic stretching

A

quick movements

impose a rapid change in length of muscle or connective tissue

37
Q

what initiates ballistic stretching

A

active contraction of the muscles antagonistic to the muscles and connective tissue being stretching

38
Q

what does ballistic stretching have a greater chance of

A

mm soreness and injury

39
Q

proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching

A

principles of reciprocal and autogenic inhibition

40
Q

principles of reciprocal and autogenic inhibition

A

contact-relax sequence

agonist contraction

contract-relax-agonist contraction

41
Q

contract-relax

A

bring limb to end range - gentle stretch

ask for and resist an isometric contraction of the muscle being stretched for approx 6 sec

then ask the pt to relax the muscle

increase the stretch and repat the procedure two to four times

42
Q

prolonged passive stretching

A

low-intensity external force applied to shortened tissues over a prolonged period

43
Q

stretching of a short muscle should always be followed by

A

active strengthening of the opposing muscle in the shortened range

44
Q

follow stretching w/

A

fxnal activity

45
Q

effects of stretching

A

limited short and long term effects of pain, spasticity, contracture and activity limitations

can improve ROM if performed consistently

46
Q

stretching should be

A

selective and pt centered

47
Q

educate pt and ourselves on

A

effectiveness and necessity

48
Q

what can stretching be replace dby

A

eccentric exercises

49
Q

progression

A

PROM –> stretch –> A/AAROM with new range –> resistive exercise -fxnal activities

50
Q

dosage –> frequency

A

lower intensity exercise performed for a shorter duration

51
Q

exercise frequency is related to

A

purpose of the exercise

52
Q

physiologic/kinesiologic purposed

A

2-5x/day

53
Q

learning purposes

A

performed frequently throughout the day

PTI 3 - Midterm (13 decks)

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