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VCE PSYCHOLOGY > Stress Revision > Flashcards

Stress Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of Stress?

A

a state of physiological and psychological arousal produced by internal or external stressors, percieved by individuals as excceding the ability to cope

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2
Q

Provide 2 examples of internal stressors

A

headache pain, worry about a SAC

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3
Q

Give 2 examples of external stressors

A

being yelled at, being crowded, long work hours

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4
Q

What is acute stress?

A

high arousal for short time

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5
Q

What is Chronic Stress?

A

high or low arousal for a LONG time

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6
Q

What do you call acute stress situations which occur frequently?

A

Episode acute stress

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7
Q

What is Eustress? What might you feel?

A

positive psychological response to a stressor.

Excitement, motivation, enthusiasm

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8
Q

What is distress? What might you feel?

A

negative psychological response to a stressor

anxiety, tension, anger

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9
Q

What is the difference between Eustress and Distress?

A
  1. negative, positive

2. eustress is associated with excitement, motivation, distress associated with anxiety and tension

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10
Q

What is the similarity of Eustress and Distress?

A

they both result in same physiological responses

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11
Q

Give examples of physiological responses to stress

A

increased heart rate, perspiration, increased respiration,

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12
Q

name the 5 sources of stress in intensity of stress.

A
  1. daily pressure
  2. life events
  3. acculturative stress
  4. major stressor
  5. catastrophe
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13
Q

What are daily pressures?

A

little problems in everyday living.

can have strong/weak effect, be rare/frequent

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14
Q

give examples of daily pressures

A

flu, headache, mood distrubances

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15
Q

What are life events? give examples

A

significant events that involve change, forces up to ADAPT

eg. divorce, marriage, starting uni, birth of child

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16
Q

What is acculturative stress? give examples

A

Stress where you have to adapt to new cultures for a long time.

eg. racial discrimntaion, language difficulties, loneliness

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17
Q

Dont Lie About My Case

A

daily pressures, life events, acculturative stress., major stressor, catastrophe

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18
Q

What is a major stressor?

A

extremely disturching and stressful, usually once off but can be ongoing

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19
Q

Which source of stress can be experienced both directly or indirectly?

A

major stressors

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20
Q

What are the 4 symptoms of Major Stressors?

A
  1. physical
  2. cognitive
  3. behavioural
  4. emotional
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21
Q

Give an example of a Cognitive symptom of a Major stressor

A

instrusive thoughts, recurring mems of the event, nightmare, visual images

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22
Q

What is a catastrophe?

A

unpredictable events, experiences by masses of people at the SAME TIME

eg. hurricane, terrorist attack

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23
Q

What does GAS stand for?

A

General adaptation syndrome

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24
Q

What are the 3 stages of GAS?

A
  1. alarm reaction
  2. resistance
  3. exhaustion
25
Q

What happens in the Alarm response?

A

body becomes aware of the danger and goes through 2 phases- shock and countershock

26
Q

What happens in the shock stage of Alarm reaction?

A
  • body less effective than usual, acts injured
  • blood pressure, body temp DROP
  • may faint or feel dizzy
27
Q

What happens in the countershock stage of Alarm reaction?

how is energy gained? what are the symptoms?

A
  • body rebounds through SNS activation
  • muscles tense, heart rate increases etc
  • instant energy provided by stress hormones released into bloodstream
  • HPA Axis activated via FFF
28
Q

Which stress hormones are released in the Alarm response?

A

cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline

29
Q

Too much Cortisol may lead to (4)

A

gastric ulcers, high blood sugar levels, stroke, suppression of immune system

30
Q

What does your body attempt to do in the Resistance stage?

A

resist and manage stress

31
Q

What happens in the Resistance stage?

A

PNS activated, alarm reaction reduces to homeostasis HOWEVER physiological arousal /stress hormones remain at high levels.

32
Q

What happens if there is too much stress hormones for a prolonged time int he Resistance stage?

A
  1. immune system weakened due to suppression

2. immune system unable to fight stress, hence vulnerable to flus, colds, disease

33
Q

What happens in stage of Exhaustion?

give examples of both physiological and psychological effects

A

body no longer able to resist stress because no more energy left

eg. fatigue, depression, anxiety, hopelessness, anger

34
Q

In the Fight flight response, what physiological changes occur?

A
  1. increased heart rate, blood pressure, respiration etc

2. increased glucose secreted in liver

35
Q

In the Fight flight response, how is the body prepared for action?

A
  1. increased heart rate, blood pressure and respiration
  2. glucose secreted by liver
  3. non essential functions suppressed like the immune system (digestion stops) TO CONSUME ENERGY
36
Q

What is the Freeze Response?

A

an involuntary ‘tonic immobilty’

37
Q

In the Freeze response, which Nervous Systems are activiated and why?

A

SNS and PNS.
Both are highly active to keep body ready for action, but momentarily still to conserve energy (for escape) and avoid detection

38
Q

What is the HPA axis?

A

Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal cortex

39
Q

What is the main difference between the HPA and FFF?

A

HPA is a longer lasting reaction

40
Q

What happens to the HPA Axis when a threat is detected?
1
2
3

A
  1. hypothalamus activated, stimulating pituitary gland
  2. pituitary gland releases ACTH, which travels through bloodstream and stimlates adrenal glands
  3. adrenal glands secrete Cortisol, which triggers release of glucose
41
Q

What are the 2 functions of the stress hormone Cortisol?

A
  1. to release glucose from liver to provide energy

2. to reduce inflammation of immune system

42
Q

What happens to body if cortisol/stress hormones stay in the body for prolonged time??

A

immune system suppressed, more vulnerable to diseases, infections, flus, colds etc

43
Q

What happens to the adreanl gland in the stage of exhaustion?

A

adrenal glands become depleted and unable to produce stress hormones.
nothing to prevent severe and chronic inflammation.

44
Q

Give a physiological effects of Exhaustion Stage

A

fatigue

45
Q

Name the 2 appraisals made in the Lazarus and Folkmas Trnasactional Modeal of stress

A

primary appraisal, secondary appraisal

46
Q

What is involved in the Primary appraisal?

A

evaluating the situation

47
Q

What is involved in the Secondary appraisal/?

A

judgement of ability to cope

48
Q

What are the three options to Primary appraisal?

A

irrelevent, benign-positive, stressfull

49
Q

In the primary appraisal, if the situation is evaluated as stressful, what are the next 3 options to evaluate?

A

harm/loss, threat, challenge

50
Q

What are the strategies in Secondary Appraisal? provide one example of each

A

emotion focused - venting, crying

problem focused - seek help

51
Q

What is reappraisal?

A

reappraising the threat when no resources

52
Q

Give two strengths of the Lazarus and Folkman Model.

A
  1. focuses on psychological side of stress

2. views stress as an interation with our environment

53
Q

Give two limitations of the Lzarus and Folkman model.

A
  1. overlooks physiological side of stress

2. we may not always be consious of all factors causing stress

54
Q

What is Context-specific effectiveness?

A

choosing a statergy that is appropriate for the specifitc situation. Taking account personal skills, knowledge, interests etc

55
Q

What is coping flexibiliyt?

A

the ability to discontinue or modify an ineffective strategy and choose an alternative one

56
Q

List the three specific coping strategies

A

exercise, approach strategies, avoidance strategies

57
Q

How does exercise combat stressors?

A
  1. uses up stress hormones in bloodstream, thus aids homeostasis quicker
  2. releases endorphin’s to block pain and ease muscle tension
  3. distraction
  4. psychosocial suport
58
Q

Which stress strategy is better when the situation is controllable?

A

approach strategy

59
Q

which stress strategy is better when the situation is uncontrollable?

A

avoidance strategy

VCE PSYCHOLOGY (17 decks)

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