Operant Conditioning Flashcards
Define Operant Conditioning
a learning process where the likelihood of behavior occurring is determined by consequences of that behavior
Give 3 differences between operant and classical conditioning
- operant is ACTIVE
- behaviour is VOLUNTARY and NOT REFLEXIVE
- behaviour occurs BEFORE the consequence
What is the ABC model?
antecedent , behaviour, consequence
What is another term for ‘stimulus’ and ‘response’
stimulus- antecedent
response- behaviour
The Antecedent is naturally occuring __________________
naturally occurring before any behaviour occurs
What does the word ‘Operant’ mean?
behaviour
Reinforcement is any stimulus that ….
strengthens or increases the likelihood of a behaviour
Does reinforcement/punishment in Operant Conditioning come before or after behavioiur?
after
What is positive reinforcement?
- plus good
- stimulus strengthens response by providing satisfying/pleasant consequence
What is an example of positive reinforcement?
- recieving a sticker after doing house chores
- getting rewarded for ….
What is neg reinforcement? provide example
- take away bad
- a stimulus that strengthens a response by the reduction/ removal/ prevention of an UNWANTED stimulus
-eg. driving slow to AVOID a fine
taking panadol to REDUCE head pain
Punishment is any stimulus that ….
-decreases/weakens the likelihood of the behaviour that follows.
What occurs in Positive punishment? provide 1 example
- plus bad
- an unpleasant stimulus is delivered after undesireable behaviour
-eg. being told off for talking in class
In Reponse Cost/ Negative Punishment, what happens?
- take away good
- a valued stimulus is removed
Briefly touch on the two factors which must occur in both Reinforcement and Punishment
reinforcer + punisher must occur
- immediately after behaviour
- reinforcement must be satisfying to learner, while punishment must be unpleasant/unsatisfying
When does Stimulus Generalisation occur?
when a correct response is made to another stinulus which is similar to the original stimulus
When does Stimulus Discriminatoin occur?
when a reponse is made to a stimulus and not any other similar stimulus
Provide one example of Stimulus Generalisation
bird pecks at orange light when told to peck yellow light for food
Give an example of stimulus discrimiation
bird pecks at orange light only for good
Define extinction
the gradual decrease in strengh/rate of responding after a period of non-reinforcement
Describe what happens in Spontaneous Recovery
response is reappears in the absense of the reinforcement
