Process of Memory Flashcards
Define Memory
an active information process and system that organises, stores and recovers info
What the the 3 processes of memory?
encoding, storage, retrieval
what happens to info in the Encoding stage?
converted for storage
What happens to info in Storage?
retained in memory for future use
In which stage of memory does info get recovered when memory is needed?
Retrieval
Which model explores memory? Name the three stores
Atkinson and Shiffon Multi-store Model
- sensory memory
- STM
- LTM
Identity which stores of memory are conscious and unconscious
unconscious: sensory memory + LTM
conscious: STM
If sensory information in the sensory memory are attended to, which store does the info move to?
Short term memory
Store one: Sensory Memory is the entry point for new information. What is the duration, capacity and subsystems of SM?
0.3-3sec
unlimited
iconic sensory memory, echoic sensory memory
is info entered to the Sensory memory consciously?
no
What is the capacity, duration and form of ICONIC sensory memory?
capacity- all objects in visual field (unlimited)
duration: 0.3 seconds
form: raw visual images
Give an exmaple of ICONIC sensory memory
sparklers
Why is duration so brief in Iconic sensory memory?
so images dont overlap for too long and so we can see images unblurred and clearly
What is the capacity, duration and form for ECHOIC sensory memory??
Capacity- all sounds in hearing field
duration- 3sec
form- raw sounds of speech/ ocjects/nature etc
why is duration so long for Echoic sensory memory?
enables us to comprehend language and speech
What is store two of memory?
Short term memory
What is the function of Short term memory?
to store a LIMITED amount of information for a short period of time
What is the duraction and capacity of short term memory?
12-30 seconds, capacity of 5-9/7+/-2 items
In STM, information can be lost through either ____________ or ______________.
Elaborate.
displacement - items pushed out by new incoming information
decay- fade
Which 3 methods are used to increase capacity and duration.
Capacity- CHUNKING
Duration- MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL or ELABORATIVE REHEARSAL
What is the definition of Maintenance Rehearsal? give an example
the repetition of simple information so that info can be kept in the STM for longer than 30 sec.
example: dialing a phone number
list two advantages and disadvantages of Maintenance rehearsal in STM
- increases STM duration
- useful for meaningless info
- doesnt assist LTR
- easily interrupted by new info
What is the definition of Elaborative Rehearsal?
assigning MEANING to information and linking it to information already stored in LTM
What do you call a form of Elaborative rehearsal where you link personal experiences to?
Self-referencing
List 3 advadvanges and disadvantages of Elaborative rehearsal
adv:
1. increases LTR
2. increases understanding as meaning is proccessed
3. adds more detail, thus increases chance of retrieval
disadv:
- time consuming
- requires more conscious effort
- difficult to implement when info is constantly entereing STM
What is the function of store three: LONG TERM MEMORY
to store unlimited amount of information for an unlimited period of time
what is the duration and capacity of LTM?
unlimited
What is sematic encoding in LTM?
encoding info by MEANING
What is the effect called when items are recalled better at the BEGINNING of the list?
Where are items at the start stored in?
Primary effect
LTM
What is the effect called when items are recalled better at the END of the list?
Where are items are the end stored in?
Recency effect
STM
Why are items at the start recalled better than the middle?
items at the start are transeffered to LTM by rehearsal
while
info in the middle are DISPLACED due to incoming new information into the STM
Why are items at the end recalled better?
because they are still in the STM. as can store 7+/-2 items in STM
