Process of Memory

Question 1

Define Memory

Answer 1

an active information process and system that organises, stores and recovers info

Question 2

What the the 3 processes of memory?

Answer 2

encoding, storage, retrieval

Question 3

what happens to info in the Encoding stage?

Answer 3

converted for storage

Question 4

What happens to info in Storage?

Answer 4

retained in memory for future use

Question 5

In which stage of memory does info get recovered when memory is needed?

Answer 5

Retrieval

Question 6

Which model explores memory? Name the three stores

Answer 6

Atkinson and Shiffon Multi-store Model

1. sensory memory
2. STM
3. LTM

Question 7

Identity which stores of memory are conscious and unconscious

Answer 7

unconscious: sensory memory + LTM
conscious: STM

Question 8

If sensory information in the sensory memory are attended to, which store does the info move to?

Answer 8

Short term memory

Question 9

Store one: Sensory Memory is the entry point for new information. What is the duration, capacity and subsystems of SM?

Answer 9

0.3-3sec
unlimited
iconic sensory memory, echoic sensory memory

Question 10

is info entered to the Sensory memory consciously?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

What is the capacity, duration and form of ICONIC sensory memory?

Answer 11

capacity- all objects in visual field (unlimited)

duration: 0.3 seconds
form: raw visual images

Question 12

Give an exmaple of ICONIC sensory memory

Answer 12

sparklers

Question 13

Why is duration so brief in Iconic sensory memory?

Answer 13

so images dont overlap for too long and so we can see images unblurred and clearly

Question 14

What is the capacity, duration and form for ECHOIC sensory memory??

Answer 14

Capacity- all sounds in hearing field
duration- 3sec
form- raw sounds of speech/ ocjects/nature etc

Question 15

why is duration so long for Echoic sensory memory?

Answer 15

enables us to comprehend language and speech

Question 16

What is store two of memory?

Answer 16

Short term memory

Question 17

What is the function of Short term memory?

Answer 17

to store a LIMITED amount of information for a short period of time

Question 18

What is the duraction and capacity of short term memory?

Answer 18

12-30 seconds, capacity of 5-9/7+/-2 items

Question 19

In STM, information can be lost through either ____________ or ______________.
Elaborate.

Answer 19

displacement - items pushed out by new incoming information

decay- fade

Question 20

Which 3 methods are used to increase capacity and duration.

Answer 20

Capacity- CHUNKING

Duration- MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL or ELABORATIVE REHEARSAL

Question 21

What is the definition of Maintenance Rehearsal? give an example

Answer 21

the repetition of simple information so that info can be kept in the STM for longer than 30 sec.

example: dialing a phone number

Question 22

list two advantages and disadvantages of Maintenance rehearsal in STM

Answer 22

1. increases STM duration
2. useful for meaningless info
3. doesnt assist LTR
4. easily interrupted by new info

Question 23

What is the definition of Elaborative Rehearsal?

Answer 23

assigning MEANING to information and linking it to information already stored in LTM

Question 24

What do you call a form of Elaborative rehearsal where you link personal experiences to?

Answer 24

Self-referencing

Question 25

List 3 advadvanges and disadvantages of Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 25

adv:
1. increases LTR
2. increases understanding as meaning is proccessed
3. adds more detail, thus increases chance of retrieval

disadv:

1. time consuming
2. requires more conscious effort
3. difficult to implement when info is constantly entereing STM

Question 26

What is the function of store three: LONG TERM MEMORY

Answer 26

to store unlimited amount of information for an unlimited period of time

Question 27

what is the duration and capacity of LTM?

Answer 27

unlimited

Question 28

What is sematic encoding in LTM?

Answer 28

encoding info by MEANING

Question 29

What is the effect called when items are recalled better at the BEGINNING of the list?

Where are items at the start stored in?

Answer 29

Primary effect

LTM

Question 30

What is the effect called when items are recalled better at the END of the list?

Where are items are the end stored in?

Answer 30

Recency effect

STM

Question 31

Why are items at the start recalled better than the middle?

Answer 31

items at the start are transeffered to LTM by rehearsal
while
info in the middle are DISPLACED due to incoming new information into the STM

Question 32

Why are items at the end recalled better?

Answer 32

because they are still in the STM. as can store 7+/-2 items in STM