Process of Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Define Memory

A

an active information process and system that organises, stores and recovers info

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2
Q

What the the 3 processes of memory?

A

encoding, storage, retrieval

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3
Q

what happens to info in the Encoding stage?

A

converted for storage

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4
Q

What happens to info in Storage?

A

retained in memory for future use

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5
Q

In which stage of memory does info get recovered when memory is needed?

A

Retrieval

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6
Q

Which model explores memory? Name the three stores

A

Atkinson and Shiffon Multi-store Model

  1. sensory memory
  2. STM
  3. LTM
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7
Q

Identity which stores of memory are conscious and unconscious

A

unconscious: sensory memory + LTM
conscious: STM

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8
Q

If sensory information in the sensory memory are attended to, which store does the info move to?

A

Short term memory

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9
Q

Store one: Sensory Memory is the entry point for new information. What is the duration, capacity and subsystems of SM?

A

0.3-3sec
unlimited
iconic sensory memory, echoic sensory memory

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10
Q

is info entered to the Sensory memory consciously?

A

no

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11
Q

What is the capacity, duration and form of ICONIC sensory memory?

A

capacity- all objects in visual field (unlimited)

duration: 0.3 seconds
form: raw visual images

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12
Q

Give an exmaple of ICONIC sensory memory

A

sparklers

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13
Q

Why is duration so brief in Iconic sensory memory?

A

so images dont overlap for too long and so we can see images unblurred and clearly

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14
Q

What is the capacity, duration and form for ECHOIC sensory memory??

A

Capacity- all sounds in hearing field
duration- 3sec
form- raw sounds of speech/ ocjects/nature etc

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15
Q

why is duration so long for Echoic sensory memory?

A

enables us to comprehend language and speech

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16
Q

What is store two of memory?

A

Short term memory

17
Q

What is the function of Short term memory?

A

to store a LIMITED amount of information for a short period of time

18
Q

What is the duraction and capacity of short term memory?

A

12-30 seconds, capacity of 5-9/7+/-2 items

19
Q

In STM, information can be lost through either ____________ or ______________.
Elaborate.

A

displacement - items pushed out by new incoming information

decay- fade

20
Q

Which 3 methods are used to increase capacity and duration.

A

Capacity- CHUNKING

Duration- MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL or ELABORATIVE REHEARSAL

21
Q

What is the definition of Maintenance Rehearsal? give an example

A

the repetition of simple information so that info can be kept in the STM for longer than 30 sec.

example: dialing a phone number

22
Q

list two advantages and disadvantages of Maintenance rehearsal in STM

A
  1. increases STM duration
  2. useful for meaningless info
  3. doesnt assist LTR
  4. easily interrupted by new info
23
Q

What is the definition of Elaborative Rehearsal?

A

assigning MEANING to information and linking it to information already stored in LTM

24
Q

What do you call a form of Elaborative rehearsal where you link personal experiences to?

A

Self-referencing

25
List 3 advadvanges and disadvantages of Elaborative rehearsal
adv: 1. increases LTR 2. increases understanding as meaning is proccessed 3. adds more detail, thus increases chance of retrieval disadv: 1. time consuming 2. requires more conscious effort 3. difficult to implement when info is constantly entereing STM
26
What is the function of store three: LONG TERM MEMORY
to store unlimited amount of information for an unlimited period of time
27
what is the duration and capacity of LTM?
unlimited
28
What is sematic encoding in LTM?
encoding info by MEANING
29
What is the effect called when items are recalled better at the BEGINNING of the list? Where are items at the start stored in?
Primary effect LTM
30
What is the effect called when items are recalled better at the END of the list? Where are items are the end stored in?
Recency effect STM
31
Why are items at the start recalled better than the middle?
items at the start are transeffered to LTM by rehearsal while info in the middle are DISPLACED due to incoming new information into the STM
32
Why are items at the end recalled better?
because they are still in the STM. as can store 7+/-2 items in STM