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KIN 150 > Stress, Emotion, and Coping > Flashcards

Stress, Emotion, and Coping Flashcards

1
Q

What is The Stress Process?

3

A

The stress process is complex and includes:
1. Appraisal of demands
2. Coping responses
3. Stress response

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2
Q

What is Stress?

A

an experience produced through a person- situation relationship that is perceived as taxing or exceeding the athlete’s resources

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3
Q

What are Stressors?

A

… a demand made on the individual (event, situation) which is appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding their resources

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4
Q

What are Sources of Stress in Sport?

five-give examples of each

A
  1. Psychological concerns: fear of failure
  2. Physical concerns: injury, fatigue
  3. Social concerns: teammates, family
  4. Environmental concerns: weather, travel
  5. Career and life concerns: financial, balance
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5
Q

What is the difference between Acute & Chronic Stress?

A
  • Acute Stress occurs over a short period of time, onset is sudden
  • Chronic Stress occurs over a long period of time
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6
Q

What are Expected stressors?

A

Expected stressors are those we can anticipate and prepare for

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7
Q

What are Unexpected Stressors?

A

not anticipated and we cannot plan for them

generally perceived as more stressful than expected stressors

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8
Q

What is Primary Appraisal?

A

– Evaluation of ‘what is at stake’ for the athlete
– Influenced by goals, values

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9
Q

What is Secondary Appraisal?

A

Evaluation of ‘what can be done’ by the athlete

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10
Q

What is Harm/Loss Appraisal?

A

Appraisal of psychological damage and loss that has already occurred

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11
Q

What is Threat Appraisal?

A

Anticipating harm that may or is likely to occur

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12
Q

What is Challenge Appraisal?

A

Although there are obstacles in the way they can be overcome & there are benefits to succeeding in difficult situations

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13
Q

Appraisal Processes Summary

A
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14
Q

Theory of Threat & Challenge States

A
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15
Q

What are Emotions?

A
  • Emotions are a response to an event
    – Quick onset
    – Short duration
    – Common cognitive appraisal
    – Distinctive physiological patterns
    – Distinctive subjective feeling
  • The way in which an individual appraises a situation will influence the emotions they experience
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16
Q

What are the Core Negative Emotions?

8

A
  • Anger
  • Anxiety
  • Shame
  • Fright
  • Guilt
  • Sadness
  • Envy
  • Jealousy
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17
Q

What are the Core Positive Emotions?

7

A
  • Hope
  • Relief
  • Happiness
  • Pride
  • Love
  • Gratitude
  • Compassion
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18
Q

What is Coping?

A

… an ongoing dynamic process which includes conscious and deliberate cognitive, behavioural, and affective efforts undertaken in order to manage appraised demands (stressors)

  • Management skills
19
Q

What are Coping Strategies?

A

Many different ways of classifying coping:
Micro versus Macro approaches
– Problem-focused coping
– Emotion-focused coping
– Avoidance coping
– Task-oriented coping
– Disengagement coping
– Distraction-oriented coping

20
Q

What are Micro Coping Strategies?

A

– Problem-focused coping
– Emotion-focused coping
– Avoidance coping

21
Q

Micro Coping

What is Problem-Focused Coping?

A

Efforts directed at changing the transaction

22
Q

Micro Coping

What is Emotion-Focused Coping?

A

Efforts directed at changing the emotional response without changing the transaction

23
Q

Micro Coping

What is Avoidance?

A

Disengaging mentally or physically

24
Q

What are Macro Coping Strategies?

3

A

– Task-oriented coping
– Disengagement coping
– Distraction-oriented coping

25
Q

Macro Coping

What is Task-oriented coping (engagement coping)?

A

Thought control, relaxation, increase effort

26
Q

Macro Coping

What is Disengagement coping?

A

Venting, withdrawal

27
Q

Macro Coping

What is Distraction-oriented coping?

A

Distancing and mental distraction; think about other things

28
Q

What are Coping Strategies of Task-Oriented Coping?

6

A
29
Q

What are Coping Strategies of Distraction-Oriented Coping?

A
30
Q

What are Coping Strategies of Disengagement-Oriented Coping?

A
31
Q

What is Coping effectiveness?

A

not the same as coping!

subjective assessment that coping efforts worked to deal with the stressor or to manage one’s response to the stressor

32
Q

What is Adaptive Coping?

A

Adaptive coping is typically associated with problem-focused, approach-type strategies

33
Q

What is Maladative Coping?

A

Maladaptive coping is typically associated with avoidance or disengagement-type coping strategies

34
Q

What are Strategies for Improving Coping?

A
  • Before improving coping, athletes need to become aware of the types of strategies they use to cope with stressors
  • Training log/journal
  • Identifying what worked as a coping strategy and why (reflection)
  • Anticipating future stressors and planning coping strategies (proactive coping)
35
Q

What is proactive coping?

A

Anticipating future stressors and planning coping strategies

36
Q

Strategies for Improving Coping:
Expressive Writing

A

Write your very deepest thoughts and feelings about a stressful sport experience or an extremely important emotional issue that has affected you and your sport. In your writing, I’d like you to really let go and explore your deepest emotions and thoughts. You might tie your topic to your relationships with others, including parents, coaches, friends or teammates; to your past, your present or your future; or to whom you have been, who you would like to be or who you are now. Nobody will see what you write – it is only for your eyes. Don’t worry about spelling, grammar, or sentence structure. The only rule is that you write for 5 minutes.

37
Q

What is Emotion Regulation?

A

Process by which individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them, and how they experience and express these emotions

38
Q

Emotion Regulation & Coping Strategies

What is Situation selection?

A

Take actions to be in a situation that promotes the desired emotiom

39
Q

Emotion Regulation & Coping Strategies

What is Situation modification?

A

Tries to influence the situation directly

40
Q

Emotion Regulation & Coping Strategies

What is Attentional deployment?

A

Directs attention towards or away from a situation

41
Q

Emotion Regulation & Coping Strategies

What is Cognitive change?

A

Changing the emotional significance of the event by changing how one thinks about the event

42
Q

Emotion Regulation & Coping Strategies

What is Response modulation?

A

Individual’s physiological, experiential, or behavioural responses to try to regulate emotions

43
Q

What is the KEY to Coping?

A

Key: Increasing reflection and self-awareness about your own coping

KIN 150 (19 decks)

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