Personality Flashcards
What is Personality?
The overall organization of psychological characteristics, thinking, feeling, and behaving –
that differentiates us from others and leads us to act consistently across time and situations
What is Disposition?
In psychology, disposition often refers to a person’s natural tendencies, inclinations, or attitudes towards certain situations or behaviors.
What is a Trait?
A relatively stable characteristic or quality that may represent a portion of one’s personality
Compare Traits versus States:
What is the Trait Approach to Personality?
What are The ‘Big Five’ in the Trait Model of Personality?
What are the Characteristics of Someone who has:
“Openness to Experience”
High Curiosity, Originality, need for Variety
Adaptability, Innovation, Analytical Thinking, Independence
What are the Characteristics of Someone who has:
“Conscientiousness”
Strive for Achievement, Self Disciplined
Attention to Detail, Dependability, Rule Following, Persistence, Initative
What are the Characteristics of Someone who has:
“Extraversion”
Enthusiastic, Assertive, High Energy, Sociable
Leading, Influence
What are the Characteristics of Someone who has:
“Agreeableness”
Compliant, Positive Approach, Modest
Cooperation, Concern for Others, Diplomacy
What are the Characteristics of Someone who is:
“Neuroticism”
High Tension, Depression
DOES NOT HAVE - Self-Confidence, Stress Tolerance, Self-Control, Emotional Awareness
– Does personality predict performance?
– Does personality predict exercise behaviour?
– Is there a distinct sport personality?
– Is sport type (team versus individual, contact
versus noncontact) or exercise related to personality?
How does Personality Develop?
(4 Approaches)
- Humanistic Approaches
- Social Learning and Cognitive-Behavioural
Approaches - Genetics/Biological Factors
- Person-Situation Interaction Approaches
What is the Humanistic Approach?
- Focuses on personal responsibility, human growth, personal striving, and individual dignity
- Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:
– Once basic needs are met, individuals strive to meet higher needs
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:
What is the Social Learning and Cognitive-Behavioural Approaches: Behaviourism?
People learn behaviour in and for specific situations
Reinforcement:
- Behaviour followed by a reward increases the probability of behaviour
- Behaviour associated with the removal of punishment increases probability of behaviour
Punishment:
- Behaviour that is followed by an aversive event decreases probability of behaviour
Social Learning and Cognitive- Behavioural Approaches: Behaviourism
What is the Social Learning Theory?
- Bandura emphasized the importance of observational learning and modelling
- Athletes can learn simply by being exposed to, or observing, the behaviours of others
- People can and do learn from multiple mediums such as TV, magazines, DVDs, and real social interactions
- More likely to adopt a behaviour if it results in valued outcomes
What is the Genetic/Biological Factor Approach?
Approximately 50% of the variance in personality traits are attributed to heritable factors
Based on Twin Studies (Bouchard, 2003)
- Openness to experience was estimated to have a 57% genetic influence
- Extraversion 54%
- Conscientiousness 49%
- Agreeableness 42%
What is the Interactionist Approach to Personality?
- Situational interplay between person and environment determines athletes’ behaviours
- Individuals bring specific experiences and dispositions to a physical activity situation
- Try to understand how stable person factors affect behaviours/cognitions in specific settings
What are Personality Traits & Issues in Sport?
4
- Risk Taking and Sensation Seeking
- Passion
- Perfectionism
- Mental toughness
What is Risk Taking and Sensation?
- Sensation (stimulus) seeking: Seeking varied, novel, complex and intense sensations and experiences
What are the 2 types of Passion?
Harmonious Passion (HP)
– Engage as part of identity and personal enjoyment
Obsessive Passion (OP)
– Rigid and uncontrolled urges to engage and avoid guilt
How does Harmonious passion
positively relate to performance?
- Positive emotions
- Ability to disengage
- Well-being
- Effective decision making
How does Obsession passion
positively relate to performance?
- Stress/guilt, rumination
- Hostile aggression
- Cheating/substance use
- Inability to disengage when injured
