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KIN 150 > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

What is Personality?

A

The overall organization of psychological characteristics, thinking, feeling, and behaving –
that differentiates us from others and leads us to act consistently across time and situations

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1
Q

What is Disposition?

A

In psychology, disposition often refers to a person’s natural tendencies, inclinations, or attitudes towards certain situations or behaviors.

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2
Q

What is a Trait?

A

A relatively stable characteristic or quality that may represent a portion of one’s personality

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3
Q

Compare Traits versus States:

A
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4
Q

What is the Trait Approach to Personality?

A
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5
Q

What are The ‘Big Five’ in the Trait Model of Personality?

A
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6
Q

What are the Characteristics of Someone who has:
“Openness to Experience”

A

High Curiosity, Originality, need for Variety

Adaptability, Innovation, Analytical Thinking, Independence

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7
Q

What are the Characteristics of Someone who has:
“Conscientiousness”

A

Strive for Achievement, Self Disciplined

Attention to Detail, Dependability, Rule Following, Persistence, Initative

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8
Q

What are the Characteristics of Someone who has:
“Extraversion”

A

Enthusiastic, Assertive, High Energy, Sociable

Leading, Influence

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9
Q

What are the Characteristics of Someone who has:
“Agreeableness”

A

Compliant, Positive Approach, Modest

Cooperation, Concern for Others, Diplomacy

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10
Q

What are the Characteristics of Someone who is:
“Neuroticism”

A

High Tension, Depression

DOES NOT HAVE - Self-Confidence, Stress Tolerance, Self-Control, Emotional Awareness

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11
Q

– Does personality predict performance?
– Does personality predict exercise behaviour?
– Is there a distinct sport personality?
– Is sport type (team versus individual, contact
versus noncontact) or exercise related to personality?

A
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12
Q

How does Personality Develop?
(4 Approaches)

A
  1. Humanistic Approaches
  2. Social Learning and Cognitive-Behavioural
    Approaches
  3. Genetics/Biological Factors
  4. Person-Situation Interaction Approaches
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13
Q

What is the Humanistic Approach?

A
  • Focuses on personal responsibility, human growth, personal striving, and individual dignity
  • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:
    – Once basic needs are met, individuals strive to meet higher needs
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14
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:

A
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15
Q

What is the Social Learning and Cognitive-Behavioural Approaches: Behaviourism?

A

People learn behaviour in and for specific situations

Reinforcement:

  • Behaviour followed by a reward increases the probability of behaviour
  • Behaviour associated with the removal of punishment increases probability of behaviour

Punishment:

  • Behaviour that is followed by an aversive event decreases probability of behaviour
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16
Q

Social Learning and Cognitive- Behavioural Approaches: Behaviourism

What is the Social Learning Theory?

A
  • Bandura emphasized the importance of observational learning and modelling
  • Athletes can learn simply by being exposed to, or observing, the behaviours of others
  • People can and do learn from multiple mediums such as TV, magazines, DVDs, and real social interactions
  • More likely to adopt a behaviour if it results in valued outcomes
17
Q

What is the Genetic/Biological Factor Approach?

A

Approximately 50% of the variance in personality traits are attributed to heritable factors

Based on Twin Studies (Bouchard, 2003)

  • Openness to experience was estimated to have a 57% genetic influence
  • Extraversion 54%
  • Conscientiousness 49%
  • Agreeableness 42%
18
Q

What is the Interactionist Approach to Personality?

A
  • Situational interplay between person and environment determines athletes’ behaviours
  • Individuals bring specific experiences and dispositions to a physical activity situation
  • Try to understand how stable person factors affect behaviours/cognitions in specific settings
19
Q

What are Personality Traits & Issues in Sport?

4

A
  1. Risk Taking and Sensation Seeking
  2. Passion
  3. Perfectionism
  4. Mental toughness
20
Q

What is Risk Taking and Sensation?

A
  • Sensation (stimulus) seeking: Seeking varied, novel, complex and intense sensations and experiences
21
Q

What are the 2 types of Passion?

A

Harmonious Passion (HP)
– Engage as part of identity and personal enjoyment

Obsessive Passion (OP)
– Rigid and uncontrolled urges to engage and avoid guilt

22
Q

How does Harmonious passion
positively relate to performance?

A
  • Positive emotions
  • Ability to disengage
  • Well-being
  • Effective decision making
23
Q

How does Obsession passion
positively relate to performance?

A
  • Stress/guilt, rumination
  • Hostile aggression
  • Cheating/substance use
  • Inability to disengage when injured
24
Q

What is Perfectionism?

A

Multidimensional personality trait characterized by very high performance standards combined with overly critical self-evaluations

25
Q

What is Personal standards perfectionism (PSP)?

A
  • High performance standards
  • Self-oriented achievement striving
  • Often associated with adaptive functioning
26
Q

What is Evaluative concerns perfectionism (ESP)?

A

Evaluative concerns perfectionism (ESP):

  • Negative social evaluation
  • Excessive self-criticism
  • Concern over mistakes
  • Doubts about actions
  • Often associated with poor outcomes and maladjustment
27
Q

2 x 2 Model of Perfectionism

A
28
Q

High Evaluative Concerns
+
High Personal Standards

A

Mixed Perfectionism

29
Q

High Evaluative Concerns
+
Low Personal Standards

A

Pure Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism “Pure ECP”

Associated with higher burnout than non- perfectionism and mixed perfectionism

30
Q

Low Evaluative Concerns
+
High Personal Standards

A

Pure Personal Standards Perfectionism “Pure PSP”

Associated with lower burnout than non- perfectionism & mixed perfectionism

31
Q

Low Evaluative Concerns
+
Low Personal Standards

A

Non-Perfectionism

32
Q

What is Mental Toughness?

A

Personality characteristics that allow individuals to cope with stress and anxiety while remaining focused on competition demands

33
Q

What is the The 4C Model of Mental Toughness?

A
  1. Challenge to overcome situations
  2. Control over experiences
  3. Confidence to overcome experiences
  4. Commitment to achieving goals
34
Q

What are the 7 Key Dimensions of Mental Toughness?

A

Generalized Self-Efficacy
Buoyancy
Success Mindset
Optimistic Style
Context Knowledge
Emotion Regulation
Attention Regulation

35
Q

7 Key Dimensions of Mental Toughness

What is Generalized Self-Efficacy?

A

A belief in your ability to achieve success in your achievement context

36
Q

7 Key Dimensions of Mental Toughness

What is Buoyancy?

A

The ability to effectively execute the required skills and processes in response to the challenges and pressures of everyday life

37
Q

7 Key Dimensions of Mental Toughness

What is a Success Mindset?

A

the desire to achieve success and the ability to act upon this desire

38
Q

7 Key Dimensions of Mental Toughness

What is Optimistic Style?

A

Tendency to expect positive events in the future, and attribute positive causes and outcomes to different events in one’s life

39
Q

7 Key Dimensions of Mental Toughness

What is Context Knowledge?

A

An awareness and understanding of the performance context, and how to apply this knowledge in achiveing success or reaching ones goal.

40
Q

7 Key Dimensions of Mental Toughness

What is Emotion Regulation?

A

An awareness of and ability to use emotionally relevant processes to facilitate optimal performance and goal attainment

41
Q

What is Attention Regulation?

A

The ability to focus on what is relevant while minimizing the intrusion of irrelevant information

KIN 150 (19 decks)

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