Stress + Chronic Illness + Adherence to Treatment

Question 1

Stress

Answer 1

a response which consists of the tension, discomfort or physical
symptoms that arise when a situation overwhelms our ability to cope effectively.

Question 2

Stressor

Answer 2

Events which represent a threat to our typical psychological functioning

Question 3

Apprasial

Answer 3

Cognitive evaluation + interpretation of a stressor

Question 4

Stress Response

Answer 4

Cognitive, emotional, and biological reactions that stressors evoke

Question 5

Stress as a Transaction

Answer 5

Primary Apprasial
Secondary Apprasial

Question 6

Primary Appraisal

Answer 6

persono decides if the situation is benign, stressful or irrelevant

Question 7

Secondary Appraisal

Answer 7

person evaluates options and decides how to respond

Question 8

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 8

How anxiety affects performance

Question 9

Measuring Stress

Answer 9

Physiological (HR, BP, Stress Hormones)
Psychological/Cognitive (Social Readjustment Rating Scale, Perceived Stress Scale)

Question 10

Perseverative Cognition

Answer 10

the repetitive activation of the cognitive representation of psychological stressors
- leads to chronic activation of physiological stress response

Question 11

Anticipatory Stress

Answer 11

worry + what-if-ism

Question 12

Retrospective Stress

Answer 12

rumination (repetitive thinking of negative thoughts)

Question 13

Three dimensions of burnout

Answer 13

• Emotional Exhaustion
• Depersonalisation
• Perceived lack of personal accomplishment

Question 14

Stages of Burnout

Answer 14

Over commitment
Beginning Exhaustion
Increased Exhaustion Burnout

Question 15

Psychological Quality of Life

Answer 15

• Emotions
• Perceptions and Beliefs
• Social Roles

Question 16

Physical Quality of Life

Answer 16

• Illness or disease-related symptoms
• Physical Functioning
• Physical Roles

Question 17

Coping

Answer 17

process of dealing with internal or external demands that are perceived as straining or exceeding an individuals resources

Question 18

Two types of Coping Strategies

Answer 18

Problem focused coping strategies
Emotion focused coping strategies

Question 19

Influences on Coping

Answer 19

Identity
Cause
Consequences
Control/Cure
Timeline

Question 20

Adherence

Answer 20

the extent to which a person’s behaviour corresponds with agreed recommendations from a healthcare provider

Question 21

Unintentional Non-Adherence

Answer 21

passive process in which the patient might be careless or forgot about adhering to the treatment plan
(health literacy, complexity of treatment regime, patient comorbidities)

Question 22

Intentional Non-Adherence

Answer 22

active process whereby the patient chooses to deviate from the recommended treatment plan (cost, side effects, personal beliefs)

Question 23

Creative Non-Adherence

Answer 23

situations in which the patient modifies or supplements a prescribed treatment
(dosing, supplementation, saving medications for later, sharing medications)

Question 24

Personalising Adherence

Answer 24

Prescription for Antibiotics
Prescription for a cream / ointment
Injury rehabilitation physiotherapy programme

Question 25

5 dimensions of Adherence

Answer 25

• Social & Economic
• Health Care System
• Condition-Related
• Therapy-Related
• Patient-Related