Social Learning & Cognition Flashcards
What is Behaviourist Theory?
All behaviour can be explained by learned associations through classical and operant conditioning
What is Observational (social) Learning?
It proposes that behaviours can be acquired by observing and imitating others
What did Albert Bandura say?
both classical and operant conditioning can take place vicariously through observational learning.
What are the 5 key factors to Observational Learning?
Observational Learning
Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation
What factors does imitation of another persons behaviour depend on?
Prestige
Likeability + Attractiveness
What is the Bobo Doll Experiment?
Children are able to learn social behaviour such as aggression through the process of observation learning, through watching the behaviour of another person
What is Cognition?
The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
What is Cognition influenced by?
- Interpersonal differences in perception
- Subjective interpretation of our environment and personal relationships
What is learned helplessness?
The tendency to feel helpless in the face of events that we cannot control.
What is the path to learned helplessness?
What is Explanatory Style?
An individual’s explanatory style can influence how they cope and behave following uncontrollable adverse event
What are the 3 types of deficits?
Motivational - slow to initiate known actions
Emotional - appear rigid, lethargic, frightened or distressed
Cognitive - demonstrate poor learning in new situations
What was learned helplessness in the Martin Seligman Experiment (dogs)?
Unable to escape the original shock
lay down whimpering, crying while they received shock
What is Locus of Control?
The expectancy as to whether fate determines outcomes in life
People believe that external forces have control over the outcomes in their life
Internal locus of control
Belief that our own actions determine our fate
(own enviroment)
External locus of control
Belief that our lives are governed by forces outside of our control, or by people more powerful than ourselves
What is Self-Efficacy?
The belief that one can perform adequately in a particular situation (Competence)
What are 4 factors in Self Efficacy?
- Vicarious Experience (delivers feeling or experience from someone else)
- Persuasion
- Emotional Arousal
- Mastery Experience (successfully overcome a situation)
What is Attribution Theory?
How individuals perceive the causes of everyday experience, as being either external or internal
Dispositional Attributions
Behaviour is caused by an internal or personal factor
Situational Attributions
Behaviour is caused by an external or environmental factor
Optimistic Style
Credits success to internal factors, failures to external -> confidently work for success
Pessimistic Style
Credits success to luck and failure to lack of ability -> low expectation of success
What is Fundamental Attribution Error?
Tendency to attribute another person’s behaviour to their personality while ignoring situational causes
What is Self-Serving Bias?
Tendency to attribute personal successes to internal factors and personal failures to external factors
