Social Learning & Cognition

Question 1

What is Behaviourist Theory?

Answer 1

All behaviour can be explained by learned associations through classical and operant conditioning

Question 2

What is Observational (social) Learning?

Answer 2

It proposes that behaviours can be acquired by observing and imitating others

Question 3

What did Albert Bandura say?

Answer 3

both classical and operant conditioning can take place vicariously through observational learning.

Question 4

What are the 5 key factors to Observational Learning?

Answer 4

Observational Learning
Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation

Question 5

What factors does imitation of another persons behaviour depend on?

Answer 5

Prestige
Likeability + Attractiveness

Question 6

What is the Bobo Doll Experiment?

Answer 6

Children are able to learn social behaviour such as aggression through the process of observation learning, through watching the behaviour of another person

Question 7

What is Cognition?

Answer 7

The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

Question 8

What is Cognition influenced by?

Answer 8

• Interpersonal differences in perception
• Subjective interpretation of our environment and personal relationships

Question 9

What is learned helplessness?

Answer 9

The tendency to feel helpless in the face of events that we cannot control.

Question 10

What is the path to learned helplessness?

Answer 10

Question 11

What is Explanatory Style?

Answer 11

An individual’s explanatory style can influence how they cope and behave following uncontrollable adverse event

Question 12

What are the 3 types of deficits?

Answer 12

Motivational - slow to initiate known actions
Emotional - appear rigid, lethargic, frightened or distressed
Cognitive - demonstrate poor learning in new situations

Question 13

What was learned helplessness in the Martin Seligman Experiment (dogs)?

Answer 13

Unable to escape the original shock
lay down whimpering, crying while they received shock

Question 14

What is Locus of Control?

Answer 14

The expectancy as to whether fate determines outcomes in life
People believe that external forces have control over the outcomes in their life

Question 15

Internal locus of control

Answer 15

Belief that our own actions determine our fate
(own enviroment)

Question 16

External locus of control

Answer 16

Belief that our lives are governed by forces outside of our control, or by people more powerful than ourselves

Question 17

What is Self-Efficacy?

Answer 17

The belief that one can perform adequately in a particular situation (Competence)

Question 18

What are 4 factors in Self Efficacy?

Answer 18

• Vicarious Experience (delivers feeling or experience from someone else)
• Persuasion
• Emotional Arousal
• Mastery Experience (successfully overcome a situation)

Question 19

What is Attribution Theory?

Answer 19

How individuals perceive the causes of everyday experience, as being either external or internal

Question 20

Dispositional Attributions

Answer 20

Behaviour is caused by an internal or personal factor

Question 21

Situational Attributions

Answer 21

Behaviour is caused by an external or environmental factor

Question 22

Optimistic Style

Answer 22

Credits success to internal factors, failures to external -> confidently work for success

Question 23

Pessimistic Style

Answer 23

Credits success to luck and failure to lack of ability -> low expectation of success

Question 24

What is Fundamental Attribution Error?

Answer 24

Tendency to attribute another person’s behaviour to their personality while ignoring situational causes

Question 25

What is Self-Serving Bias?

Answer 25

Tendency to attribute personal successes to internal factors and personal failures to external factors