Social-Emotional Development + Mental Health in Children Flashcards
Two Types of Emotional Regulation
Antecedent-Focused Emotion Regulation
Response-Focused Emotion Regulation
Cupboard view of attachment
Attachment is based on the provision of food needed for survival
Comfort view of attachment
Attachment goes beyond physical need
(babies also need contact comfort & love)
Attachment Theory
Believed that the mother-infant bond is an evolved response
Babies born with built-in behaviours that keep parent nearby & fuel bond
Secure Attachment
Use caregiver as a secure base
Parental responsiveness highest
Patterns of Attachment
Secure
Insecure Avoidant
Insecure-Anxious
Disorganised Attachment
Insecure Avoidant
Infants indifferent to parents departure/return
Parental responsiveness lowest
Insecure-Anxious
Distress at departure; infants first seek & then avoid caregiver upon return
Parental responsiveness inconsistent
Disorganised Attachment
Depressed/Unresponsive with spurts of sudden emotion
Confused about approaching or avoiding parent
Factors affecting development of attachment
Quality of caregiving
Child’s Temperament
Family Context
Culture
Opportunity to establish close relationship
Quality of Caregiving
Best predictor of secure attachment is sensitive, responsive parenting
Parents ability to perceive and interpret child’s signals and intentions, respond appropriately and promptly
Genetically prewired behaviours that facilitate basic processes of parenting
“Serve and Return” Relationship
Infant prewired and ongoing behaviour to engage adult
Can influence quality of attachment
Child’s Temperament
Largely biologically/genetically based
Persist through adulthood
- Reactivity & self regulation/effortful control
Kagan’s Model
Bold/uninhibited temperament
Shy/inhibited temperament
Bold/uninhibited temperament
Toddlers - Talkative, sociable, behaviourally spontaneous or bold
Infant - Lower levels of crying and excitability or reactivity
Linked to impulsivity, dangerous driving, alcohol dependence
Shy/inhibited temperament
Infants - Patterns associated with more crying
Toddlers - Consistently shy, quiet, and timid/more fearful in unfamiliar situations (responses less extreme as mature)
Family Context
Parent factors, circumstances & life transitions affect parent-child interactions
Cultural Variations
Perspectives from other ethnicities and social/caregiving structures highlights the similar focus on raising emotionally secure children
Prolonged or Severe Maltreatment
Chronic activation - Dysregulation of stress response - Increased lifelong risk for physical or psychological disorders
Behavioural Development
Physical abuse, exposure violence promotes use of aggressive behaviour by child
Plasticity
ability of nervous system to change its connections
Mental Health
Positive Concept that is about more than the absence of mental illness
(resilience and good functioning)
Mental Illness
A diagnosed clinical condition
ACEs
Adverse Childhood Experiences
(poverty, divorce, loss of a love one, abuse)
Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Persistent deficits in social communication/social interaction
Restricted or repetitive patterns of behaviour or rituals
(hard to maintain relationships, deficits non-verbal communications)
Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Inattention/inattentiveness (not consistent with their developmental age)
Hyperactivity-Impulsivity
