Heath & Social Psychology Flashcards
Biopsychosocial Factors
Affect health & illness via direct impact on physiological processes or indirectly influence on health behaviours
Health Psychology
The study of psycho-social processes in health, illness, healthcare and health promotion
Treating the psychological consequences of illness
Health-promoting behaviours
regular exercise
healthy eating
sleep hygiene
immunisations
Health-risk behaviours
binge drinking
drink-driving
drug abuse
smoking
sedentary behaviour
Why are theoretical models made?
in an attempt to explain and thereby predict human behaviour
help to design targeted interventions
Health Belief Model
Patients perception of illness and its consequences
5 factors in the Health Belief Model
Perceived Susceptibility
Perceived Severity
Perceived Benefits & Perceived Barriers
Cues to action
Self efficacy
Critiques of HBM
- Assumes that human beings are rational decision makers
- Doesn’t account for emotions
- May oversimplify the threat
Theory of Planned Behaviour
Attitude toward the behaviour
Subjective Norm
Perceived Behavioural Control
Critique of the TPB
Doesn’t account for emotions
Does intention always lead to behaviour
Psychosocial
pertaining to the influence of social factors on an individual’s mind or behavior, and to the interrelation of behavioral and social factors
Social Psychology
Examines human behaviour in a social context
Study of how people influence other’s behaviour beliefs and attitudes
Social Cognition
Process by which people select, interpret and remember social information
Social Influence
Processes through which we are
influenced by others (e.g., obedience, conformity, bystander effect, social comparison, mass hysteria
Social Interaction
Processes at play in interaction with others (e.g., prejudice; aggression, attraction)
Key processes in social influence
Conformity
Social Roles
Bystander Effect
Obedience
Normative Influence (asch effect)
Group effects that arise from individuals’ desire to be liked, accepted and approved
of by others
Informational Influences
Group effects that arise from individuals’ desire to be correct and right and to understand how best to act in each situation
Uniformity of agreement
If all confederates gave wrong answer,
conformity high.
Dissention
If one confederate gave different answer from group, subject less likely to conform
Deindividuation
when stripped of usual identity/feel anonymous > makes people more vulnerable to social influence > may behave uncharacteristically
Bystander Effect
The decrease in offers of assistance
that occurs as number of bystanders increases
Diffusion of responsibility
Diminished sense of personal
responsibility to act because others are seen as equally responsible
Affective Empathy
process in which humans directly/subjectively experience and share emotional state of another
