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Fundamentals of Nursing > Stress and coping > Flashcards

Stress and coping Flashcards

1
Q

Stressors

A

Tension producing stimuli operating within or on any system. Disruptive forces

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2
Q

Stress

A

A physical, emotional, or psychological demand that often leads to growth or overwhelms a person and leads to illness

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3
Q

Neurophysiological responses to stress function thru

A

Negative feedback

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4
Q

Three structures that control the response of the body to a stressor

A

Medulla oblongata
Reticular formation
Pituitary gland

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5
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Located in the lower portion of the brain stem, controls heart rate, BP, and respirations

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6
Q

Reticular formation

A

Small cluster of neurons in the brains stem and spinal cord, continuously monitors the physiological status of the body thru connections with sensory and motor skills

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7
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Produces hormones necessary for adaptation to stress

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8
Q

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone is released by what gland

A

Pituitary, it produces cortisol

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9
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

A

`describes how the body reacts to a stressor thru 3 stages (Alarm, resistance, exhaustion). Involves the autonomic nervous system and endocrine

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10
Q

Alarm Reaction

A 
Increase in:
blood volume, blood glucose levels, 
epinephrine, 
norepinephrine, heart rate,
 blood flow to muscles, oxygen intake
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11
Q

Resistance stage

A

Body stabilizes and responds in a manner opposite that of the alarm stage. Body begins to repair damage

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12
Q

If the stress response is chronic a state of _____ occurs

A

Allostasis, causes excessive wear and tear on the person. An increased allostatic load leads to chronic illness (HTN, depression, sleep deprivation)

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13
Q

Exhaustion Stage

A

The body is no longer able to resist the effects of the stressor, and has depleted the energy necessary.

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14
Q

The GAS is activated indirectly for

A

Psychological threats

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15
Q

Primary appraisal

A

Person identifying the event or circumstance as personally significant

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16
Q

Secondary Appraisal

A

Focuses on possible coping strategies

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17
Q

Types of stress

A

Chronic (stable)

Acute (time limited)

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18
Q

PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder)

A

A person experiences, witnesses, or is confronted with a traumatic event and responds with intense fear or helplessness

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19
Q

Examples of PTSD

A

Military combat, vehicle crashes, natural disasters, violent personal assault

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20
Q

Types of crises

A

Developmental
Situational
Adventitious

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21
Q

Example of developmental crises

A

Occurs as a person moves thru the stages of life
Marriage
Birth of a child

22
Q

Examples of situational crises

A

Job change
MVA
Death
Severe illness

23
Q

Examples of adventitious crises

A

Natural disasters

Man made disaster

24
Q

Crises are usually resolved within

A

6 weeks

25
Q

Neuman systems model

A

Based on the concepts of stress and reaction to it. This model views the person, family, and community as constantly changing in response to the environment and stressors

26
Q

Levels of Neuman Model

A

Primary
Seconday
Tertiary

27
Q

Primary level of Neuman model

A

Promotes pt wellness by stress prevention and reduction of risk factors

28
Q

Secondary Level of Neuman model

A

Prevention occurs after sx appear

29
Q

Tertiary level of neuman model

A

Prevention begins when the pt’s system becomes more stable and recovers

30
Q

Factors influencing stress and coping

A

Situational
Maturational
Sociocultural

31
Q

Situational factors influencing stress/coping

A

Job changes
Promotions/Transfers
Illness (obesity, HTN, diabetes, depression)
Caregiver stress

32
Q

Maturational factors influencing stress

A

Vary with life stages
Milestones
Beginning a family
Losing parents

33
Q

Sociocultural factors influencing stress/coping

A

Poverty
Physical handicap
Mental Illness
Substance abuse

34
Q

Health Promotion

A

Regular exercise
Support system
Time management
Assertive training

35
Q

ACE inhibitors help

A

Relax blood vessels

36
Q

Adaptation

A

The change that takes as a result of the response to stress (ongoing)

37
Q

Vascular changes in the Local Inflammatory response

A 
Brief constriction (Pallor and numb)
Increased bl flow (redness and hear)
Increased histamine (swelling)
Cell permeability (loss of function)
38
Q

Hypothamalus produces ______ and _____ but is stored in the _____________

A

ADH (vasopressin)
Oxytocin
Posterior pituitary

39
Q

Sympathetic nervous system releases

A

Norepinephrine

40
Q

Sympathetic response to stress

A

Norepinephrine
Vasoconstriction
Increased BP
Cool pale skin

41
Q

Adrenal medulla response

A 
Epinephrine
Increased heart rate
Increased contractility
Increased blood sugar
Bronchial dilation
42
Q

Compensation

A

Counterbalancing a weakness by emphasizing a strength

43
Q

Denial

A

Refusing to acknowledge the presence of something

44
Q

Displacement

A

Transfers and emotional reaction from one object to another

45
Q

Introjection

A

Incorporating qualities or values of another into ones own

46
Q

Projection

A

Thoughts or impulses are attributed to another, allowing intolerable feeling or motivation to be attributed to someone else

47
Q

Rationalization

A

Giving questionable behavior a logical or socially acceptable explanation

48
Q

Reaction formation

A

Developing conscious attitudes and behaviors that are opposite to what one really feels or would like to do

49
Q

Regression

A

Returning to an earlier method of behaving (bed wetting, thumb sucking)

50
Q

Repression

A

Involuntarily excluding and anxiety producing event from conscious awareness. Blocking event, feeling or impulse

51
Q

Sublimation

A

Substituting a socially acceptable activities for strong impulses that are not acceptable in their original form
(exercise, sports, humor)

52
Q

Undoing

A

An act or communication that is used to negate a previous act or communication

Fundamentals of Nursing (12 decks)

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