Stress and coping

Question 1

Stressors

Answer 1

Tension producing stimuli operating within or on any system. Disruptive forces

Question 2

Stress

Answer 2

A physical, emotional, or psychological demand that often leads to growth or overwhelms a person and leads to illness

Question 3

Neurophysiological responses to stress function thru

Answer 3

Negative feedback

Question 4

Three structures that control the response of the body to a stressor

Answer 4

Medulla oblongata
Reticular formation
Pituitary gland

Question 5

Medulla oblongata

Answer 5

Located in the lower portion of the brain stem, controls heart rate, BP, and respirations

Question 6

Reticular formation

Answer 6

Small cluster of neurons in the brains stem and spinal cord, continuously monitors the physiological status of the body thru connections with sensory and motor skills

Question 7

Pituitary Gland

Answer 7

Produces hormones necessary for adaptation to stress

Question 8

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone is released by what gland

Answer 8

Pituitary, it produces cortisol

Question 9

General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 9

`describes how the body reacts to a stressor thru 3 stages (Alarm, resistance, exhaustion). Involves the autonomic nervous system and endocrine

Question 10

Alarm Reaction

Answer 10

Increase in:
blood volume, blood glucose levels, 
epinephrine, 
norepinephrine, heart rate,
 blood flow to muscles, oxygen intake

Question 11

Resistance stage

Answer 11

Body stabilizes and responds in a manner opposite that of the alarm stage. Body begins to repair damage

Question 12

If the stress response is chronic a state of _____ occurs

Answer 12

Allostasis, causes excessive wear and tear on the person. An increased allostatic load leads to chronic illness (HTN, depression, sleep deprivation)

Question 13

Exhaustion Stage

Answer 13

The body is no longer able to resist the effects of the stressor, and has depleted the energy necessary.

Question 14

The GAS is activated indirectly for

Answer 14

Psychological threats

Question 15

Primary appraisal

Answer 15

Person identifying the event or circumstance as personally significant

Question 16

Secondary Appraisal

Answer 16

Focuses on possible coping strategies

Question 17

Types of stress

Answer 17

Chronic (stable)

Acute (time limited)

Question 18

PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder)

Answer 18

A person experiences, witnesses, or is confronted with a traumatic event and responds with intense fear or helplessness

Question 19

Examples of PTSD

Answer 19

Military combat, vehicle crashes, natural disasters, violent personal assault

Question 20

Types of crises

Answer 20

Developmental
Situational
Adventitious

Question 21

Example of developmental crises

Answer 21

Occurs as a person moves thru the stages of life
Marriage
Birth of a child

Question 22

Examples of situational crises

Answer 22

Job change
MVA
Death
Severe illness

Question 23

Examples of adventitious crises

Answer 23

Natural disasters

Man made disaster

Question 24

Crises are usually resolved within

Answer 24

6 weeks

Question 25

Neuman systems model

Answer 25

Based on the concepts of stress and reaction to it. This model views the person, family, and community as constantly changing in response to the environment and stressors

Question 26

Levels of Neuman Model

Answer 26

Primary Seconday Tertiary

Question 27

Primary level of Neuman model

Answer 27

Promotes pt wellness by stress prevention and reduction of risk factors

Question 28

Secondary Level of Neuman model

Answer 28

Prevention occurs after sx appear

Question 29

Tertiary level of neuman model

Answer 29

Prevention begins when the pt's system becomes more stable and recovers

Question 30

Factors influencing stress and coping

Answer 30

Situational Maturational Sociocultural

Question 31

Situational factors influencing stress/coping

Answer 31

Job changes Promotions/Transfers Illness (obesity, HTN, diabetes, depression) Caregiver stress

Question 32

Maturational factors influencing stress

Answer 32

Vary with life stages Milestones Beginning a family Losing parents

Question 33

Sociocultural factors influencing stress/coping

Answer 33

Poverty Physical handicap Mental Illness Substance abuse

Question 34

Health Promotion

Answer 34

Regular exercise Support system Time management Assertive training

Question 35

ACE inhibitors help

Answer 35

Relax blood vessels

Question 36

Adaptation

Answer 36

The change that takes as a result of the response to stress (ongoing)

Question 37

Vascular changes in the Local Inflammatory response

Answer 37

``` Brief constriction (Pallor and numb) Increased bl flow (redness and hear) Increased histamine (swelling) Cell permeability (loss of function) ```

Question 38

Hypothamalus produces ______ and _____ but is stored in the _____________

Answer 38

ADH (vasopressin) Oxytocin Posterior pituitary

Question 39

Sympathetic nervous system releases

Answer 39

Norepinephrine

Question 40

Sympathetic response to stress

Answer 40

Norepinephrine Vasoconstriction Increased BP Cool pale skin

Question 41

Adrenal medulla response

Answer 41

``` Epinephrine Increased heart rate Increased contractility Increased blood sugar Bronchial dilation ```

Question 42

Compensation

Answer 42

Counterbalancing a weakness by emphasizing a strength

Question 43

Denial

Answer 43

Refusing to acknowledge the presence of something

Question 44

Displacement

Answer 44

Transfers and emotional reaction from one object to another

Question 45

Introjection

Answer 45

Incorporating qualities or values of another into ones own

Question 46

Projection

Answer 46

Thoughts or impulses are attributed to another, allowing intolerable feeling or motivation to be attributed to someone else

Question 47

Rationalization

Answer 47

Giving questionable behavior a logical or socially acceptable explanation

Question 48

Reaction formation

Answer 48

Developing conscious attitudes and behaviors that are opposite to what one really feels or would like to do

Question 49

Regression

Answer 49

Returning to an earlier method of behaving (bed wetting, thumb sucking)

Question 50

Repression

Answer 50

Involuntarily excluding and anxiety producing event from conscious awareness. Blocking event, feeling or impulse

Question 51

Sublimation

Answer 51

Substituting a socially acceptable activities for strong impulses that are not acceptable in their original form (exercise, sports, humor)

Question 52

Undoing

Answer 52

An act or communication that is used to negate a previous act or communication