Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Fundamentals of Nursing > Fluid and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Normal value for Na+

A

136-145 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal value for K+

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Normal values for Cl-

A

98-106 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normal values for CO2

A

22-26 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Normal values for Ca+

A

9-10.5 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Normal values Mg+

A

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Normal values for PO4- (phospate)

A

2.7-4.5 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Normal values for Serum osmality

A

280-295 mOsm/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Normal value for BUN

A

10-20 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Normal value for Creatinine

A

0.7-1.5 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Normal value for hematocrit

A

Male: 44-52%
Female: 39-47%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Normal value for glucose

A

70-110

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulates

A

the osmolality of the body by influencing how much water is excreted in urine. Synthesized in hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System regulates

A

ECF volume by influencing how much Na+ and water are excreted in urine. Also regulates BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Specialized cells in the kidneys release the enzyme

A

Renin. which converts angiostensinogen to angiostensin I, which other enzymes in the lung capillaries convert into angiotensin II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Functions of Angiotensin II

A

vasoconstriction, stimulation of aldosterone release from the adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Aldosterone

A

circulates the kidneys, causes resorption of Na+ and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Causes of Fluid volume alterations

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, fistulas, GI suction, anorexia, inability to obtain fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

S/S of FVD (Fluid volume deficit)

A 
weight loss
tachycardia
 oliguria, dark yellow urine weak rapid pulse
absence of sweat and tears
thirst
Increased BUN/Creatinine and hct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fluid volume deficit

A

Na+ and water intake less than output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fluid volume excess

A

expansion of ECF. Na+ and water intake greater than output (retention)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Causes of fluid volume excess (FVE)

A

Too much salty foods
CHF, Renal failure
Excessive admin of Na+ containing fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

S/S of FVE (fluid volume excess)

A 
weight gain
edema
crackles 
distended veins
Decresed BUN/ hct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hyponatremia

A

< 135

Water gain, loss of Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Causes of hyponatremia
``` excessive ADH Diuretics Sweating Loss of GI fluids (diarrhea, vomit) Excessive D5W (IV dextrose in water) Adrenal insufficiency ```
26
Manifestations of hyponatremia
``` Anorexia N and V Headaches Lethargy, muscle weakness, confusion Increased ICP Abdominal cramping ```
27
Hypernatremia
>145 | Na+ gain, water loss
28
Causes of hypernatremia
``` Water deprivation Difficulty swallowing fluids Overuse of table salts Heat stroke Watery diarrhea Hypertonic tube feedings with no water supplements ```
29
Manifestations of hypernatremia
``` Extreme thirst Dry flushed skin Swollen tongue Fever, restlessness Confusion, weakness Sticky mucous membranes ```
30
Most predominant electrolyte intracellular
Potassium (neuromuscular function)
31
Foods high in potassium
Apricots, oranges, banana, dried fruit, cantaloupe, raisins
32
Hyperkalemia
>5 | High potassium concentration
33
Causes of hyperkalemia
``` Increased K+ intake Impaired renal function Salt substitutes Acidosis Trauma tissue ```
34
Manifestation of hyperkalemia
Nausea, diarrhea Muscle weakness, paralysis Cardiac arrest and dysrhythmias Narrow T-waves, lower QT interval
35
Functions of calcium
Major component of strong teeth and bones Regulates muscle contraction/relaxation Blood coagulation Sedative action on nerves
36
Hypocalcemia
<8.6 | abnormally low calcium concentration
37
Causes of hypocalcemia
``` Hypoparathyroidism Pancreatitis Vitamin D deficiency Chronic diarrhea Alkalosis Large amounts of citrated blood ```
38
Manifestations of hypocalcemia
Muscle spasms/tingling/twitching Positive Chvostek and Trousseau sign Hyperactive reflexes Seizures, confusion
39
Hypercalcemia
>10 | abnormally high concentration of calcium
40
Causes of hypercalcemia
``` Cancer Hyperparathyroidism Prolonged immobilization Bone tumors Thiazide diuretics ```
41
Manifestations of hypercalcemia
``` Anorexia N/V Constipation Fatigue Diminished reflexes Confusion Severe thirst, polyuria Personality change, confusion ```
42
Hypomagnesemia
<1.5 | abnormally low magnesium concentration
43
Causes of hypomagnesemia
``` Malnutrition Alcoholism Chronic diarrhea/ laxative use Pancreatitis Impaired absorption ```
44
Manifestations of hypomagnesemia
``` Hyperexcitability w/ muscle weakness Insomnia Muscle cramps, tremors tetany Dysphagia, laryngeal stridor Hyperactive reflexes Disorientation ```
45
Hypermagnesemia
>2.7 | high magnesium concentration
46
Causes of hypermagnesemia
Renal failure Adrenal insufficiency Untreated diabetic ketoacidosis
47
Manifestations of hypermagnesemia
``` Lethargy Hypoactive reflexes Bradycardia Hypotension Facial flushing Flaccid muscle paralysis Decreased rate/depth of respirations Absence of DTR ```
48
Hypophosphatemia
<2.7 | low concentration of phosphorus
49
Causes of hypophosphatemia
Malnutrition Alcoholism Prolonged hyperventilation
50
Manifestations of hypophosphatemia
``` Irritability, apprehension Weakness, numbness Paresthesia Confusion, seizures Muscle weakness Respiratory problems ```
51
Hyperphosphatemia
>4.5 | high concentration of phosphorus
52
Causes of hyperphosphatemia
Renal failure Chemotherapy High phosphorus intake
53
Manifestations of hyperphosphatemia
Soft tissue calcification Tetany Decreased Ca+ levels
54
How much potassium is excreted via kidneys?
80%
55
Which is more dangerous? a. Hyperkalemia b. Hypokalemia
Hypokalemia
56
Foods high in calcium
Dairy products | Green leafy vegtables
57
Foods high in sodium
Processed meats Canned vegetables Snacks
58
Low sodium diet
No processed meats No meat, cheese, butter No canned vegetables
59
Patients taking diuretics need
Potassium supplement
60
Presence of U waves, depressed ST segment and biphasic T wave can be found in
Hypokalemia
61
Best treatment for hypokalemia
Early prevention
62
What should you use when giving potassium thru IV? Why?
Neutralizer, to prevent pain | If patient can resist pain, have concurrent administration with IV fluids
63
If a patient does not have kidney function you cannot
give potassium thru IV
64
Calcium antagonizes
Potassium (removes potassium)
65
Parathyroid hormone increases or decreases calcium?
increases
66
Calcitonin increases or decreases calcium?
decreases
67
Calcium has an inverse relationship with
Phosphorus
68
When calcium increases, phosphorus
decreases
69
What is tetany
Sustained contraction of muscles
70
Hypercalcemia has a ___% mortality without _______
50% | Prompt treatment
71
Thiazide diuretics retain
Calcium
72
Main manifestation of hypercalcemia
Muscular weakness | Uncoordination
73
Foods high in magnesium
Bananas Legumes Nuts Chocolate
74
Absence of DTR (deep tendon reflexes) is seen in
Hypermagnesimia (lower motor neuro problem)
75
Functions of Na+
Controls water distribution Muscle contraction Nerve transmission
76
Functions of K+
Neuromuscular function | Skeletal and cardiac muscle activity
77
Functions of phosphorus
Muscle, RBC, and nervous system function
78
Function of potassium
Neuromuscular function | Skeletal and cardiac muscle activity
79
Causes of hypokalemia
``` Vomiting Diarrhea Alkolosis Diuretics (Lasix, thiazides) Steriods, PCN NGT suction ```
80
S/S of hypokalemia
``` Cardiac/ resp arrest Anorexia N/V Muscle weakness Low bowel motility Sensitivity to digoxin Depressed ST segment Prominent U wave ```
81
Foods high in phosphorus
Milk Meat Processed foods
82
Hypokalemia
<3.5 | low serum potassium

Fundamentals of Nursing (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions