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Psychology year 12 > Stress > Flashcards

Stress Flashcards

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1
Q

Define stress

A

Feeling pressure or anxiety. The state of psychological or physiological tension

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2
Q

Define eustress

A

Perceived as positive stress, a good challenge and non harmful

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3
Q

Define distress

A

Perceived as negative stress, can be overwhelming and distracting

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4
Q

What is a stressor

A

The event/thing that causes stress

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5
Q

What is the yerkes model of performance and arousal

A

Shows having too low arousal=distress, not enough motivation preform badly
Moderate arousal=eustress, focused attention preform well
Too much stress= distress, burn out too excited preform badly

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6
Q

What causes stress

A

Daily pressures
Life events
Major catastrophe
Acculturation stress

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7
Q

Examples of daily pressures

A

Fighting with friends, homework, losing keys or phone

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8
Q

Examples of life events

A

Poor social relationships
Minimal social interactions
Lack of social skills
Lack of social support

Marriage, kids

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9
Q

Examples of major catastrophes

A

Natrual disaster

Death

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10
Q

Define acculturation stress and give examples

A

Stress of individuals trying to adapt to a new culture

Language difficulties
Racism
Lower socioeconomic status
Separation from family

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11
Q

Two types of stress reactions and examples

A 
Physiological (feel) 
Headache
Skin rash
Psychological (think)
Behavioural- changes to eating/sleeping
Emotion-agreesive
Cognitive-loss of concentration
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12
Q

What is the initial response to a stress

A

Flight fight freeze is activated and releases adrenaline

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13
Q

What happens when stress is built up over a long period of time

A

HPA axis is activated
Hypothalamus (in the brain) stimulate
Piturity gland (in the brain) releases hormones in the blood through endocrine system.
Adrenal gland (top of kidney) releases cortisol

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14
Q

Define cortisol

A

A stress hormone that increases vital functions like metabolism. Glucose is increased leading the body to preform better because it has more energy in times of stress.

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15
Q

What happens when cortisol is activated for a long period of time

A

It becomes suppressed leading to surpresed immunity and more susceptible (likely) to get an illness

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16
Q

What happens in each step of the Selyes (GAS) model

A

Alarm reaction stage
-body goes into shock(blood pressure drops)
- rebounds with counter shock. Sympathetic nervous system is activists and high arousal
Resistance stage
- cortisol is released into blood stream
Exhaustion
- extreme fatigue,high levels of anxiety body becomes vulnerable to illness

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17
Q

How to remember GAs

A

GAS gives me a SCARE

Shock &Counter shock occur in Alarm stage, followed by Resistance and finally Exhaustion

18
Q

What does GAS stand for

A

General adaption syndrome

19
Q

Picture selyes general adaption syndomre

A

Picture

20
Q

Picture yerkes Dodson law curve

A

Picture

21
Q

Is GAS biological or psychological

A

Biological because it looks at the body’s physical response to stress

22
Q

Lazarus and folkman transaction model to stress and coping steps

A

Picture

23
Q

What does Lazarus and folkmans theory outline

A

Stress response depends on an individuals interpretation/ appraisal on a stressor and their ability to cope with it.

24
Q

What’s are some psychological factors that cause or influence someone’s response to stress

A

Prior experience with stress
Outlook on life(optimism)
Personality

25
Q

Define primary apraisal in Lazarus and folk as

A

To evaluate or judge significance of event.
Is it irralevent, benign positive or stressful
If stressful is it harm/loss, threat or challenge

26
Q

Explain threat responses according to Lazarus and folkman

A

Harm/loss- how much damage has already occurred eg. Have I lost my job?
Threat-what harm/ loss could occur in future eg. I might not have enough money to pay rent
Challenge- potential for personal growth eg I’ll get a better job and learn how to budget effectively(this can lead to no stress)

27
Q

Define secondary appraisal

A

Evaluation of coping options and external/internal resources available

28
Q

What is reappraisal

A

Going back over an earlier stressor to see if further attention is needed

29
Q

Define coping

A

An attempt to manage demands of stressor

30
Q

What is problem focused coping compared to emotion focused coping and give examples

A

Problem focused is manage or change the cause of the problem eg ask to resit failed test and study hard
Emotion focused coping- strategies to deal with emotional response to stress but does not deal with the problem as they feel like they have no control eg I don’t care about school marks

31
Q

Strengths and limitation for sylyes general adaption syndrome(GAS)

A

Strengths
Measures a predictable patter that’s in individuals
Tracks biological factors in different types of stress.
Limitations
Research was conducted on rats not humans
Does not account for individuals differences and psychological factors.

32
Q

Lazarus and folkmans transactional model strengths and limitations

A

Strengths
Focuses on individuality of stress response
Emphasises importance of stress management strategies.
Limitations
Difficult to test through experimental research
Overlap between primary and secondary stages

33
Q

An example of steps from the Lazarus and folkmans model for this example
Your stuck in a traffic jam on your way to work

A

Stressor- being late for work
Primary appraisal- stressful, could lose job?could make boss angry?
-threat
Secondary appraisal
Problem focused coping- call work to tell your gonna be late
Emotion focused- i don’t care what my work thinks

34
Q

Define self efficiency

A

Belief that we have our own ability to affect our actual outcome

35
Q

Define resilience

A

A persons ability to adapt to stressor

36
Q

Define coping flexibility

A

The ability of a person to change their coping strategy. Positive outcomes with people wig high coping flexibility

37
Q

Define context specific coping

A

The tendency for some people to cope more efficiently in certain situation then others in that situation.

38
Q

Compare approach vs avoident coping with stress

A

Approach- confront the problem, attempt to decrease stress by fixing the problem. This is a healthy response to stress.
Avoidant- ignore/avoid the problem to illuminate the feeling of stress but not fixing the problem eg ignore facts and denial

39
Q

How does exercise help with stress management

A

Depletes body of excess stress hormones eg cortisol therefore strengthens the immune system
Helps maintain healthy heart rate and relaxes muscles
Promotes positive mood therefore increases levels of serotonin

40
Q

How does meditation help with stress management

A

Slows heart rate and lowers blood pressure
Reduces muscle tension
Initiates relaxation response and strengthens mind against stress

Psychology year 12 (9 decks)

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