Learning And Memort Part 3 Flashcards
What is observational learning
A form of social learning where a person learns by watching the behaviour demonstrated by another. The learner watches their consequences to guide their behaviour.
Which form of learning is most active to least active
Observational learning
Operant learning
Operant Conditioning
What is the person being observed called
The model
How to remember the steps of observational learning
ARRMR like a pirate
Steps of observational learning
Attention- attention must be paid to models behaviour
Retention- a mental representation of the behaviour
Reproduction- learner must be physically and intellectually capable to do action
Motivation- learner must want to imitate learner
Reinforcement- influences the likelihood of learner imitating the models behaviour
Which stage of observational learning is it most likely something can’t be learned and example
Reproduction
Eg someone with a broken arm can not pay guitar even if all the other stages of observational learning is there
What is intrinsic motivation
Within desire
What is extrinsic motivation
Reward (external)
What are the three types of reinforcement in observational learning with examples
External reinforcement- the learner directly reinforced by consequence eg child shares toy because recieves by mother
Vicarious reinforcement- the learner is indirectly reinforced (eg model reinforced) eg. Child shares toy because has seen brother being praised for it
Self reinforcement- meeting of standards learner sets for themselves
Which type of model is most effective to least effective
Live model
Video model
Cartoon model
No model
Characteristics of a model we are more likely to imitate
Attractive
Similar eg age and gender
Trust
Likes the model
What is vicarious conditioning
When an individual watches another person displaying behaviour that is either reinforced or punished and then acts accordingly
Define Vicarious reinforcement
Increases likelihood of the behaviour in a similar way to model whose behaviour is reinforced
Define vicarious punishment
The likelihood of a particular behaviour being performed by an observer decreases after having seen model punished
What was bandura experiment
Children split into 3 groups watch different models being reinforced/punished for aggressive behaviour
Condition 1- aggressive role model to bobo doll was rewarded. Lead to children being more aggressive
Condition 2- aggressive model to bobo doll was punished. Lead to child less aggressive
Condition 3- no consequence were given to aggressive role model. Children were still aggressive
