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Psychology year 12 > Mental Health > Flashcards

Mental Health Flashcards

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1
Q

Define mental health

A

A state of emotional and social wellbeing where an individual can cope with the stresses of everyday life and can contribute to society

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2
Q

Define mental disorder

A

A clinically significant behaviour or psychological syndrome that occurs in an individual and that is associated with distress, disability or increased risk of suffering death, pain disability or loss of freedom

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3
Q

What are the four characteristics of a mentally healthy person

A

High levels of functioning
Social wellbeing
Emotional wellbeing
Resilience

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4
Q

What’s the difference between adaptive and maladaptive behaviours

A

Adaptive- actions that enables a person to effectively carry out day to day tasks. (High level of functioning)
Maladaptive- interferes with a persons ability to carry out their usual activities (low level of functioning)

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5
Q

What does social wellbeing mean and examples of it

A

Ability to have satisfying relationships with others.
Eg develop/maintains healthy relationships
Confident alone and with others
Respect and understanding of others

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6
Q

What does emotional wellbeing mean

A

Ability to control emotions and express them appropriately and comfortably
Eg self regulation/ control of emotions
Take responsibility for actions
Display empathy

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7
Q

Define resilience

A

The ability to cope with and adapt well to life stressors and resort to positive functioning

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8
Q

Internal vs internal factors effecting health

A

Internal eg genetics, personality, self esteem, perspective

External eg loss(grief), life events, exclusion

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9
Q

What is the mental health continuum

A

Mentally healthy
Reacting- common and reversible distress
Injured- persistent functional impairment
Mental disorder

The continuum is influence by internal and external factors that can fluctuate over time

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10
Q

What is stigma

A

When a sign of disgrace sets someone apart from others

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11
Q

What’s a mental health problem

A

Temporary disturbance of thoughts, feelings and behaviours
Disturbance in ability to cope with stressors
Lasts a short period of time

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12
Q

How long does a mental disorder last

A

More then two months

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13
Q

What’s the biological concept of the biopsychosocial framework of mental health and solution

A 
Genetic predisposition 
Neurotransmitters 
Poor sleep 
Substance use 
Poor response to medication 
Gender
Diet

Medical solution seeing doctor and medication

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14
Q

Social concept of biopsychosocial framework of mental health and solution

A 
Relationships 
Stigma 
Culture 
Education 
Disorganised attachment 
Social support

Solution self care

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15
Q

Psychological concept to biopsychosocial framework of mental health

A 
Poor self efficacy 
Stress
Rumination
Impaired memory and reasoning 
Thoughts, feelings, beliefs
Cognitive thoughts

Solution- therapy, recognise negative thoughts

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16
Q

What does predisposition mean and examples

A

Factors that increase the chance of developing a disorder. Most biological or psychological
Examples genetic vulnerability, poor efficacy, disorganised attachment, hormones

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17
Q

What does precipitating mean

A

Lifestyle factors that contribute to development of a mental disorder
Examples substance use, trauma, accident, injury, stress

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18
Q

What is a perpetuating factor

A

Factors that increase the continuation of a mental disorder, inhibits recovery
Examples rumination, stigma, lack of resources, poor health

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19
Q

What’s a protective factor and examples

A

Factors that decrease that likelihood of developing a mental disorder
Examples good health/sleep/diet/exercise, resilience, resources adequate, support from family

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20
Q

Biological risk factors

A

Genetic vulnerability- a biological predisposition to develop a certain disease or disorder
Pharmacogenetics- poor response to medication due to genetic factors
Substance abuse
Sleep

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21
Q

Psychological risk factors

A

Rumination- when people over think or obsess about situations
Impaired reasoning and memory
Stress
Poor self efficacy

22
Q

What is self efficacy

A

The belief in own ability to succeed and overcome

People with poor self efficacy are less likley to seek help

23
Q

Social risk factors

A

Disorganised attachment- avoident personality, leads to struggle with relationships, trust and seeking help from others.
Loss of significant relationship
Stigma- is a barrier to accessing treatment

24
Q

What’s cumulative risk

A

A combination of multiple risk factors affecting the one time, this makes a mental illness more likely

25
Q

What is stress

A

A psychological or physiological state of tension and arousal

26
Q

What’s anxiety

A

A state of physiological arousal associate with feeling of worry or uneasiness that something is wrong or that something unpleasant is about to happen

27
Q

What is severe anxiety accompanied by

A

Breathlessness, sweating, dizziness, feelings of losing control and impending doom

28
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

A group of disorders that are characterised by chronic feelings of extreme fear, stress and unease

29
Q

What is a phobia

A

A persistent, irrational and intense fear of a particular object, event or activity. It is a type of anxiety disorder

30
Q

What are the four types of phobias

A

Animal
Situations
Blood/injection/injury
Natural environment(dark, thunder, hieghts)

31
Q

Types of anxiety disorders

A 
Panic disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Social anxiety disorder 
Specific phobia 
PTSD
32
Q

How long is it till a phobia can be diagnosed

A

At least 6 months

33
Q

What’s the biological contributing factors to phobias

A

Dysfunctional GABA- inhibitory neurotransmitter, low levels of gaba lead to high levels of anxiety
Role of stress response- sympathetic nervous systems
Long term potentiation- the repeated use of the neutral pathways causes them to strengthen

34
Q

Psychological contributing factors

A

Precipitation through classical- formed with association from natural stimulus and unconditioned stimulus to produce the conditioned response
Perpetuation through oppersnt conditioning- avoidance is a negative reinforcer and exposure is a punishment strengthening the response
Cognitive bias-
Memory bias- a memory being encoded inaccurately and influenced
Catastrophic thinking- immediately go to the worse case senario

35
Q

Social contributing factors to phobia

A

Specific environment triggers- direct exposure to distressing event
- witnessing another person experience traumatic event
- reading or hearing about traumatic event
Parental modelling
Stigma- prevents seeking treatment (perpetuating factor)

36
Q

Biological treatment for a phobia

A

GABA neurotransmitter agonist
Beta blockers
Relaxation techniques

37
Q

What’s a gaba neurotransmitter agonist

A

It’s is a drug with the same structure as GABA and therefore can bind to the GABA receptors and have the same inhibitory effect on post synaptic neurone

38
Q

What are beta blockers

A

Block the action of adrenaline therefore reduces the fight/flight response

39
Q

What are two relaxation techniques

A

Breathing training

Exercise- produces positive chemicals(endorphins) and uses negative chemicals produced in stress response eg adrenaline

40
Q

What’s psychology treatment for phobia

A

Cognitive behavioural therapy

Systematic desensitisation

41
Q

What’s cognitive behavioural therapy with phobias

A

Makes people aware of thoughts and feelings
Changing irrational patterns of thinking That create the phobia
Focuses on helping the person change negative thoughts and behaviours and replace with positive ones

42
Q

What’s systematic desensitisation

A

A grades experience (easy to hard) where a suffer is gradually exposed to phobic stimulus while using relaxation techniques paired with a relaxing stimulus
Eg NS (phobia) + UCS (soemthing they like)
= UCR (positive response)
Cs=CR
MUST BE DONE OVER A PERIOD OF TIME

43
Q

Social treatment for a phobia

A

Educating family and friends to help prevent avoidance behaviours which act as negative reinforces, challenging realistic thoughts

44
Q

What’s the transtheroretical model of behaviour change

A

Assesses an individuals readiness to act in a new healthier behaviour and provides strategies or processes of change to guide the individual through the stages of change.

45
Q

The stages of the trans theoretical model

A 
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation 
Action
Maintenance
46
Q

What is precontemplation

A

The individual has no intention to take action within the next 6 months and may be unaware of the need to change.

47
Q

What’s contemplation

A

The individual intends to take action in the next 6 months. They are aware that a problem exists but has not yet made a commitment to action

48
Q

What’s preparation

A

The individual tends to take action within the next 30 days and has taken some behavioural steps in this direction

49
Q

What’s action

A

The indidual changed the behaviour in less than 6 months however still need to learn how to strengthen their commitments to change and fight urges to slip back

50
Q

What’s maintenance

A

The individual has changed their behaviour for more than 6 moths and works to prevent relapse and consolidate the gains attained

Psychology year 12 (9 decks)

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