stress

Question 1

who described
fight or flight response

Answer 1

Walter B Cannon

Question 2

who discovered general adaptation sydrome

Answer 2

Hans Seyle

Question 3

What’s the General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 3

Enlargement of adrenal gland
Decreased lymphocyte levels
Development of bleeding ulcers
Concluded that physiological stress impairs ability to resist future stressors

Question 4

3 stages of the GAS

Answer 4

1. alarm
2. adaptation
3. exhaustion (allostatic overload)

Question 5

Alarm stage

Answer 5

stressor triggers HPA response, SNS
arousal body’s defence

Question 6

Resistance/Adaptation stage

Answer 6

Adrenal Hormones
Fight or flight

Question 7

Exhaustion stage (allostatic overload)

Answer 7

when stress continues and adaptation is unsuccessful
stress-related disorders

Question 8

Allostasis

Answer 8

“Stability through change”
adaptation stage

Question 9

____ secretes CRH

Answer 9

Hypothalamus

Question 10

____ release ACTH

Answer 10

Pituitary

Question 11

______secrete cortisol and catecholamine

Answer 11

Adrenals

Question 12

catecholamine is secreted by which part of adrenals

Answer 12

adrenal medulla

Question 12

catecholamine includes

Answer 12

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 13

Stress–age syndrome

Answer 13

• Excitability changes in the limbic system and hypothalamus
• Increased catecholamines, ADH, ACTH, and cortisol
• Decreased testosterone, thyroxine, and other hormones
• Immunosuppression and pattern of chronic inflammation
• Alterations in lipoproteins
• Hypercoagulation of the blood
• Free radical damage of cells

Question 14

What’s PTSD

Answer 14

A pathologic stress response to a memory
Considered a mental illness
Causes intrusive symptoms such as re-experiencing the traumatic event
Many people have vivid nightmares, flashbacks and intrusive thoughts
Includes physical brain changes

Question 15

Two specifications of PTSD

Answer 15

Dissociative specification
Delayed specification

Question 16

Delayed specification

Answer 16

Full diagnostic criteria are not met until at least 6 months after trauma (some symptoms may be starting earlier)

Question 17

Dissociative specification

Answer 17

depersonalization and derealization

Question 18

The DSM V includes a preschool subtype of PTSD criteria for children ages

Answer 18

6 years and younger

Question 19

PTSD in all age groups can be characterized by

Answer 19

Sleep disturbance
Depression
Other maladaptive symptoms

Question 20

counselling for PTSD include (types)

Answer 20

Relaxation
CBT
Exposure therapy
Support groups

Question 21

therapy for kids with PTSD

Answer 21

play therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and other interventions
must be developmentally appropriate

Question 22

A hallmark feature of PTSD is _____

Answer 22

reduced hippocampal volume

Question 23

hippocampus is implicated in _____

Answer 23

The hippocampus is implicated in the control of stress responses, declarative memory, and contextual aspects of fear conditioning

Question 24

The ____________ is a limbic structure involved in emotional processing and is critical for the acquisition of fear responses.

Answer 24

amygdala

Question 25

Patients with PTSD exhibit __________ of the frontal cortex

Answer 25

decreased volume

Question 26

The _________cortex exerts inhibitory control over stress responses and emotional reactivity in part by its connections with the amygdala.

Answer 26

medial cortex

Question 27

_______ are most effective class of antidepressant.

Answer 27

SSRIs

Question 28

trauma informed care principles (5)

Answer 28

• Trauma awareness and acknowledgment
  
  • Safety and trustworthiness
  • Choice, control and collaboration
  • Strengths-based and skills building care
  • Culture, historical, and gender issues