Streptococcus and Enterococcus RED WORDS

Question 1

viridans streptococci is a name derived from?

Answer 1

viridis (Latin for ‘green’), referring to the green pigment formed by the partial alpha hemolysis

Question 2

streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (Spe) are believed to be responsible for many of the clinical manistations of sever streptococcal disease such as?

Answer 2

necrotizing fasciitis, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, and rash observed in patients with scarlet fever

Question 3

streptolysin S is produced in serum (the S indicates serum stable) and is responsible for?

Answer 3

the characteristic B-hemolysis seen on blood agar media

Question 4

streptolysin S is produced in serum (the S indicates serum stable) and is responsible for?

Answer 4

the characteristic B-hemolysis seen on blood agar media

Question 5

3 characteristics of scarlet fever?

Answer 5

circumoral pallor, ‘strawberry tongue’, and pastia lines

Question 6

Spe stands for?

Answer 6

streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins

Question 7

S. pyogenes cuase the production of what specific pyrogenic exotoxins?

Answer 7

SpeA and SpeC

* prominent feature of these orgnisms

Question 8

pneumolysin

Answer 8

an enzyme that degrades hemoglobin, producing a green product
**hemolytic appearance resulting from production of pneumolysin in stretococcus pneumoniae

Question 9

Spe stands for? what is it?q

Answer 9

streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins

* a superantigen!!!!!!!!!!! stimulates cytokine production from T-cells including IL6

Question 10

pneumolysin

Answer 10

an enzyme that degrades hemoglobin, producing a green product
**hemolytic appearance resulting from production of pneumolysin in stretococcus pneumoniae

Question 11

main virulence factor of S. pneumoniae?

Answer 11

is the capsular polysaccharide that is specific to soluble substances

Question 12

how do you dagnose S. pneumoniae?

Answer 12

bile solubility test- placing a drop of bile on an isolated colony; S. pneumoniae colonies are DISSOLVED WITHIN A FEW MINUTES (other alpha-hemolytic streptococci remain unchanged)

Question 13

S. pneumoniae are susceptable to?

Answer 13

OPTOCHIN

*place a disc of this on a blood agar pkate with S. pneumoniae which is inhibited by optochin (zone of inhibted growth)

Question 14

Salivary pellicle is associated with?

Answer 14

Antigen 1/2 of streptococcus mutans (tolerates wide pH range)
**thin layer of protein and glycoprotein at the tooths surface

Question 15

enterococcus is _____ resistant to many antibiotics or have?

Answer 15

Inherently resistant or acquired resistance

Question 16

enterococcus infections acquired in the hospital are _____ via?

Answer 16

are nosocomial infection via urinary catheterization or instrumentation

Question 17

diagnosis of enterococcus?

Answer 17

gram stain after growth on blood/chocolate agar

**produce L-pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) LYSIS in 5 min spot test

Question 18

are enterococcus resistant to optochin?

Answer 18

yes