Final Must knows

Question 1

Mycoplasma

resistant to?
treated with?

Answer 1

o No cell wall, sterols
o Smallest free-living bacteria, fried egg shape
o Resistant to penicillin and vancomycin
o Treated with erythromycin! (and tetracyclines or clindamycin)

Question 2

Rickettsia

Answer 2

o Obligate intracellular G- rods
o HAVE cell wall
o Treat with doxycycline
o grow only in cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells (trigger phagocytosis and then degrade phagosome)

Question 3

rocky mountain spotted fever

Answer 3

Rickettsia
 No eschar, rash after 3 days and then evolves into spotted form
 Specific flourescin-labed antibodies to detect

Question 4

Campylobactor

Answer 4

o G-, spiral, can’t ferment carbs
o Polysaccharide capsule
o Lipoologosaccharide expression
o Guillain-Barr syndrome and reactive arthritis

Question 5

Campylobactor commonly causes?

Answer 5

LOS causes Gastroenteritis and septicemia

Question 6

Helicobacter

Answer 6

o G-, spiral, can’t ferment carbs
o Important species is H. pylori

o Cag-PAI indicesIL-8
o Cag 1- IL-1
o Cag pathogenicity islands

Question 7

Guillain-Barr syndrome

Answer 7

Campylobactor

Question 8

Helicobacter pylori

Answer 8

• –Associated with gastric ulcers, gastric antrums, gastric B-cell lymphomas and gastric adenocarcinoma
• –caused by cytotoxin-associated gene (cag) proteins

Question 9

Cell culture

Answer 9

detects presence of virus; limited cytopathologic effects

Question 10

Hemagglutination

Answer 10

–Presence of virus in secretions; RBCs binding to other RBCs

–Hemadsorption= presence of hemagglitinin protein on cell surface

Question 11

Hemadsorption

Answer 11

of erythrocytes to cells infected with influenza viruses via hemagglutinin on their surfaces, which binds to erythrocytes of selected animal species

Question 12

Cytopathic effects

Answer 12

In absence of antibody, the virus infects monolayer of cells causing a cytopathologic effect [CPE] or caused hemagglutination

Question 13

Hemagglutination inhibition

Answer 13

type and strain of influenzza virus or specificity of antibody

Question 14

Flu-like symptoms

Answer 14

Fever, chills, headaches, backaches

Question 15

Cytokine storm

causes what

Answer 15

Systemic symptoms caused by interferon and cytokine responses (cytokine storm)

 Immune mediators= antigen presenting cells, T cells, cytokines
 Ex: enveloped and other viruse

Question 16

respiratory transmissions

Answer 16

influenza viruses, rhinoviruses

Question 17

fecal/oral transmissions

Answer 17

picornaviruses, rotaviruses, noroviruses

Question 18

sexual contact/blood transmissions

Answer 18

 HIV
 Human cervical carcinoma
 Hepatitis B,C, G, D
 Epstain-Barr virus

Question 19

Zoonotic/arthropod transmissions

Answer 19

• togaviridae

* flaviviridae

Question 20

what are the viruses that cause children exanthems?

Answer 20

1) Measleas- paramyxovirus measles virus
2) Rubella- Toga virus and Rubella virus
3) Chickenpox- Herpes virus called Varicella Zoster
4) Roseola- Herpes virus called Herpes 6, 7
5) Fifth disease- Parvovirus B19

Question 21

what virurses are grave concerns when pregnant?

Answer 21

1) Rubella virus- can replicate in placenta

2) Cytomegalovirus- herpes virus; most common viral cause of congenital defects; present in 15% of stillborn babies

Question 22

Viruses that cause the symptoms that are classic to the common cold

Answer 22

1) rhinovirus
- most common
2) common coronavirus
- 2nd most common

Question 23

what are serious forms of common coronavirus?

Answer 23

• flu-like
• Some are more serious that cause sudden ACUTE respiratory syndrome:
  1) SARS -CoV =china
  2) MERS -CoV =middle east

Question 24

HBV and HBD

Answer 24

o Hepatitis D can only infect people already infected with Hepatitis B
o HDV uses the HBV proteins to target the cells that it will infect

Question 25

piconarvirus genome

Answer 25

essentially an mRNA translated as one long polyprotein

o 5’ end

• -Vpg -functions as primer for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase as it becomes uridylated
• -IRES =Internal ribosome entry site on 5’ end allows for translation in a 5’ cap independent manner

o 3’ end
–polyA tail

Question 26

name of viral intracellular inclusions

Answer 26

o	Molluscum contagiosum 
o	Rabies Virus 
o	HSV-1 and HSV-2 
o	Cytomegalovirus 
o	Poxviruses

Question 27

Molluscum contagiosum

Answer 27

– Molluscum bodies in keratinocytes

viral intracellular inclusion

Question 28

Rabies Virus

Answer 28

– Negri bodies in certain nerve cells

viral intracellular inclusion

Question 29

HSV-1 and HSV-2

Answer 29

– Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion bodies

viral intracellular inclusion

Question 30

Cytomegalovirus

Answer 30

– “owl’s eye” basophilic intranuclear inclusion body

viral intracellular inclusion

Question 31

Poxviruses

Answer 31

– Guarnieri bodies (virus assembly factory)

viral intracellular inclusion

Question 32

neuraminidase (oposed to hemmagglutinin)

Answer 32

– cleaves sialic acid and promotes virus release
• forms tetramer with enzymatic activity
• targeted by zanamivir (Relenza) and oseltamivir (Tamiflu)