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2 and FINAL Microbiology Oral/Med > MUST KNOW from review slide > Flashcards

MUST KNOW from review slide Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

gumma

A

granulomatous lesion caused by 3rd degree syphilis (caused by treponema pallidum)

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2
Q

streptococcus mutans antigen 1/2

A
  • cell wall protein associated with attachment to salivary pellicle
  • vaccine candidate
  • begins to form plaque
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3
Q

salivary pellicle

A

thin layer of protein and glycoprotein at tooth surface

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4
Q

S. mutans is in what category? (what else is there?)

A

viridans

*along with S. pnemonia

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5
Q

S. pyrogenes is in what group?

A

A

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6
Q

S. agalactiae is in what group?

A

B

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7
Q

S. enterococci used to be in group?

Has what wall antigen?

A

D

*wall antigen called glycerol teichoic acid

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8
Q

mycoplasma

A

no cell wall

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9
Q

mycobacteria

A

mycolic acid in outer membrane

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10
Q

isoniazid

A

vaccine used to treat mycobacterium TB

*always coupled with something else

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11
Q

what is very sensitive to penicillin?

A 
streptococcus pyogenes (group A)
*penicillin used as vaccine for pharyngitis
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12
Q

PCR

A
  • go to for molecular biology
  • nucleic acid is used to isolate other nucleic sequences (primers)
  • heat stable Taq polymerase copies that segment of DNA
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13
Q

light micro

A

work horse for gram stains

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14
Q

dark feild micro

A

tool for Trponemas spiral shape

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15
Q

immunofluresence micro

A

tool used to located area of infection (AA)

*same magnification

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16
Q

scanning micro

A

shape, surface

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17
Q

transmission micro

A

inside bacterial cell, cross section

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18
Q

stretpccus mutans is G- or G+ ?

A

G+

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19
Q

staph is G- or G+ ?

A

G+

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20
Q

Porphyromas gingivalis is G- or G+ ?

A

G-

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21
Q

enterobacteria is G- or G+ ?

A

G-

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22
Q

Vibrio is G- or G+ ?

A

G-

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23
Q

Neisseria is G- or G+ ?

A

G-

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24
Q

streptococcus pneumonia is G- or G+ ?

A

G+

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25
Q

what two bacteria are diplococci?

A

Neisseria (G-) and streptococcus pneumonia (G+)

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26
Q

Neisseria is a potent endotoxin how?

A

has lipoologosaccharide

*disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) *part of septicemia, life threatening

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27
Q

disseminated intravascular coagulation

A
  • septicemia

* Neisseria bacterium

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28
Q

elemental body

A
  • first step for chlamydia trachnomatis
  • phagocytized
  • not a spore, acts like virus
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29
Q

reticular body

A

second step for chlamydia trachomatis

  • replicated by binary fission
  • acts like bacteria
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30
Q

Panton-Valentine

A

staphyloccal exotoxin

  • creates pores
  • phosphlipases= mess up membrane structure
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31
Q

phosphlipases

A

mess up membrane structure to hemolyse

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32
Q

alpha hemolysis

A

incomplete and GREEN, minor

*viridans and S. pneumonia!!!!!!!!!!!!

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33
Q

beta hemolysis

A

complete

*pyrenogens!!!!!!!!!

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34
Q

gamma hemolysis

A

no hemolysis

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35
Q

CAMP test

A

uses staph aureus to enhance the listeria hemolysis (bc listeria is weak)

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36
Q

vibrio cholerae virulence factor and 3 genes

A

locus of lysogeny

1) ace gene= increasing fluid secretion
2) zot gene= tightens junctions
3) cep gene= chemotaxis proteins

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37
Q

Seroconversion

A

occurs when antibody is produced in response to a primary infection

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38
Q

lysogeny

A

key virulence factor, phenotypic conversion to a different phenotype that can now produce virulence factor

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39
Q

O antigen serotype

A

repeat polysaccaride

-enteroinvasive E. coli

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40
Q

H antigen serotype

A

flageelum

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41
Q

K antigen serotype

A

capsular (rare)

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42
Q

serotype B is associated with?

A

hemophilus influenzae

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43
Q

HIB vaccine

A

hemophilus influenzae pathogen is SEROTYPE B (always B)

–encapsulated; capsular polysaccharide= major virulence factor

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44
Q

S. pnemonia varilence factor?

what experiement?

A

aligate capsule
-vaccine also against capsule bc main virulence of S. pneumonia is the capsule, know that from old transformation experiement from Griffith

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45
Q

what are the oral cavity vaccines?

A

1) glucosyltransferase

2) streptococcus mutans antigen 1-2

46
Q

glucosyltransferase

A

enzyme in slime layer that can act as a vaccine (doesn’t allow plaue to form)

47
Q

streptococcus mutan antigen 1-2

A

a preotin that binds to salivary pellicle and could act as a vaccine

48
Q

oid means?

A

like something

49
Q

pathogens that affect prenatal and neonatal?

A

1) streptococcus GROUP B agalactiae
2) Listeria
3) Neisseria gonoorhea
(Clostridium and Chlamedia)

50
Q

what is #1 threat pre and neonatal?

A

agalactiae (strep GROUP B)

-from baby passing vagina

51
Q

Listeria as a prenatal and neonatal threat?

A
  • prenatal= spontaneous abortions

* neonatal= premature cell mediated immune system problems

52
Q

penicillin G verses V antibiotic?

A 
G= injection
V= oral
53
Q

MRSA

A

methysiline resistant staph aureus

  • use vancomysin to treat!!!!!!!
  • staph more resistant to penicillin then strep
54
Q

Staph aurea has what receptor?

A

TLR2

55
Q

is staph or strep more resistant to penicillin?

A

staph

56
Q

How is Staph aureas endotoxin like??

A

its peptidoglycan cell wall has endotoxin like effects

57
Q

what bacteria acts as an anchor for supragingival plaque?

A

corynebacterium

58
Q

what bacteria does buboes come from?

A

Yersinia

59
Q

McKoney agar

A

G-

  • selective and differential
  • tells if gastrointestinal organisms causing diarrhea is a pathogen
  • *Lactose - = pathogen
  • *Lactose + = NONpathogen
60
Q

EMB agar

A

eosin methylene blue

  • selective and differential
  • G-
  • *selective= growth of G-
  • *differential= E. coli colonies turn green (screen water systems)
61
Q

blood agar

A
  • whole blood cells
  • ID streptococcus pyrogens that cuase strep throat
  • differential, NOT selective
  • alpha, beta, gamma
62
Q

chocolate agar

A
  • lysed RBCs

* ID Neisseria meningitis

63
Q

haemophilus influenzae is deadly how?

A

inflammation of epiglottus; swells and you can’t breath

64
Q

haemophilus influenzae needs what growth factors?

A

1) X = heme from lysed blood

2) V= NAD= vitamin

65
Q

satellite colonies

A

wen staph aureus is added to a chocolate agar in order to lyse RBCs and give off growth factors V and X
*co-incubation

66
Q

what are growth factors?

A

necissary AA or vitamins needed for auxotroph to grow

67
Q

what is an auxotroph

A

a bacteria that requires growth factors

68
Q

manitol salt agar

A
  • selective and differential
  • *staph epidermic grows RED
  • *staph aureus grows and turns media around it YELLOW, food borne
  • determines food poisoning
69
Q

optochin test

A

inhibition of streptococcus pnemonia

70
Q

bile test

A

dissolves streptococcus pnemonia

*NO affect on enterococcus or strep pyrogens or staph aureus

71
Q

oxidase test

A

differentiate between enterbacteria and vibrio but testing for the presence of oxidase

  • *vibrio= makes oxidase
  • *entero does NOT make oxidase
72
Q

coagulase test

A
  • -Staphylococcus aureus is coagulase positive - clumping factor proteins A and B
  • -Staphylococcus epidermis is coagulase NEGATIVE
73
Q

erysypalis

A

endogenous= human to human spread

**steptococcal pyrogens= scarlet fever and toxic shock syndrome

74
Q

erysypelothrix aka erysypiloid

A

animal to humans (farms)= zooanatic

75
Q

mucoid colony is like?

A

slimey like a mucus

76
Q

manistation of eysypalis?

A

red and blotchy skin

*erythematous rash on SKIN

77
Q

bacillus anthracis plasmids?

A
  • *pX01= edema factor, lethal factor, protective agents

* *pX02= synthesize polypeptide capsule

78
Q

in Bacillus anthracis
PA + EF=
PA+ LF=

A

PA + EF=edema toxin

PA+ LF=lethal toxin

79
Q

tetanospasmin

A

clostridium tetani

**heat labile, plasma encoded neurotoxin fround EVERYWHER

80
Q

Salmonella pathogenicity islands?

A 
1= salmonella secreted invasion of proeins and type 3 secretion
2= evasion of immune system and type 3 secretion
81
Q

what is buboes

A

very enlarged lymph nodes (can be anywhere on body)

-from Yersinia

82
Q

signs of memingitus

A

stiff neck, photophobia, pain by pushing on forehead

83
Q

Neisseria meningitus

A

water house syndrome (destroy adrenal glands)

84
Q

whooping cough comes from what bacteria?

A

bordetella pertussis

85
Q

what bacterium has pathogenicity islands?

A

salmonella

86
Q

3 stages of whooping cough and what heppens during them

A

1) Catarrhal
- must bacteria
- resemble cold (fever, sore throat)
2) Paroxysmal
- classic coughing fit (can’t breath)
- mucus produced but not cleared -life threatening
3) Canvalescent
- secondary complications occur

87
Q

anything facultative intracellular MUST?

A

have T-cell mediated immunity with macrophages

88
Q

If you decreased CD4 T-cell count, what would happen?

A

you are more susceptible to TB and leprocry amonst other diseases

89
Q

granuloma formation is common with?

A

anything facultative intracellular (t-cell, macrophages)

90
Q

gingipains

A

from porphyramonas gingivalis!!

KEYSTONE pathogen of oral cavity

91
Q

shwartzmann reaction

A 
endotoxin effect (self reaction to lipooligosaccharide)
***meningetis= systemic infection - disseminated intravascular coagulase all over body to cuase shock/death
92
Q

how is watery poo made?

A

increase CAMP by increasing adenocyclase activity

-causes efflux of water and Cl ions from enterocyte into lumen

93
Q

what causes bloody poo?

A

inflammation! breakdown of barriers allows for blood cells to enter intestines

94
Q

clostridium difficile

A

causes bloody diasrrhea

  • pseudomembranes colitis
  • occurs AFTER or during antibiotic theropy for something else (oportunistic)
  • fecel treatment/transplant
95
Q

what are bacteria that cause watery diarrhea?

A 
cholera
enteroinvasive E coli
enterotoxigenic E. coli
Salmonella
gastroenteritis
yersinia
96
Q

what bacteria cause bloody diarrhea?

A

clostridium difficile
shigella
shiga toxin-producing E. coli

97
Q

typhoid Mary

A

asymptomatic colonization of salmonella

*salmonella phagocytized thru M cells in intestine

98
Q

central dogma

A

1) exposure
2) adherence
3) invasion
4) infection
5) toxicity or invasiveness
6) tissue damage disease

99
Q

what does dissemination mean?

A

invasion into

*how the bacteria into host via circulation, lymph nodes, liver, spleen

100
Q

septicemia is?

A

life threatening, systemic inflammatory response

101
Q

encephalitis causes?

A

absess in brain, liver or lung

102
Q

cysteine is a common?

A

growth factor

103
Q

What are the bacteria associated with the “red complex”? What does this mean?

A

1) P. gingivalis
2) T. forsythia
3) T. denticola
* * chronic periodontitis

104
Q

what are the acid fast bacteria?

A

1) Mycobacteria is KING
2) Nocardia is partially
3) corynebacterial is an imposter (NOT acid fast but has mycolid acid)

105
Q

toxin vs toxoid

A

—–toxoid is an inactivated or attenuated toxin •A toxoid is no longer toxic! But is still immunogenic like the toxin from which it was derived (cause immune response)

—–toxin is a poison (cause illness or death) made by other organisms •a toxin is toxic

106
Q

only species with group B antigen?

A

S. alalactiae is the ONLY species that has group B antigen and is recognized as a cause of puerperal sepsis (postpartum infections)

107
Q

what are the facultative intracellular pathogens?

A

1)Mycobacteria is king
2) Listeria
3) Salmonella
(Brucella and Leginella)

108
Q

Tannerella forsythia

A

Gram negative, obligatelyanaerobic microflora found in periodontal pockets

109
Q

Treponema denticola

A

a spirochaete that is associated with periodontal diseases

110
Q

what is the keystone pathogen for periodontal disease?

A

Porphyromonas gingivalis

111
Q

Two species with spores

A

Bacillus and clostridium

2 and FINAL Microbiology Oral/Med (14 decks)

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