MUST KNOW from review slide Flashcards
gumma
granulomatous lesion caused by 3rd degree syphilis (caused by treponema pallidum)
streptococcus mutans antigen 1/2
- cell wall protein associated with attachment to salivary pellicle
- vaccine candidate
- begins to form plaque
salivary pellicle
thin layer of protein and glycoprotein at tooth surface
S. mutans is in what category? (what else is there?)
viridans
*along with S. pnemonia
S. pyrogenes is in what group?
A
S. agalactiae is in what group?
B
S. enterococci used to be in group?
Has what wall antigen?
D
*wall antigen called glycerol teichoic acid
mycoplasma
no cell wall
mycobacteria
mycolic acid in outer membrane
isoniazid
vaccine used to treat mycobacterium TB
*always coupled with something else
what is very sensitive to penicillin?
streptococcus pyogenes (group A) *penicillin used as vaccine for pharyngitis
PCR
- go to for molecular biology
- nucleic acid is used to isolate other nucleic sequences (primers)
- heat stable Taq polymerase copies that segment of DNA
light micro
work horse for gram stains
dark feild micro
tool for Trponemas spiral shape
immunofluresence micro
tool used to located area of infection (AA)
*same magnification
scanning micro
shape, surface
transmission micro
inside bacterial cell, cross section
stretpccus mutans is G- or G+ ?
G+
staph is G- or G+ ?
G+
Porphyromas gingivalis is G- or G+ ?
G-
enterobacteria is G- or G+ ?
G-
Vibrio is G- or G+ ?
G-
Neisseria is G- or G+ ?
G-
streptococcus pneumonia is G- or G+ ?
G+
what two bacteria are diplococci?
Neisseria (G-) and streptococcus pneumonia (G+)
Neisseria is a potent endotoxin how?
has lipoologosaccharide
*disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) *part of septicemia, life threatening
disseminated intravascular coagulation
- septicemia
* Neisseria bacterium
elemental body
- first step for chlamydia trachnomatis
- phagocytized
- not a spore, acts like virus
reticular body
second step for chlamydia trachomatis
- replicated by binary fission
- acts like bacteria
Panton-Valentine
staphyloccal exotoxin
- creates pores
- phosphlipases= mess up membrane structure
phosphlipases
mess up membrane structure to hemolyse
alpha hemolysis
incomplete and GREEN, minor
*viridans and S. pneumonia!!!!!!!!!!!!
beta hemolysis
complete
*pyrenogens!!!!!!!!!
gamma hemolysis
no hemolysis
CAMP test
uses staph aureus to enhance the listeria hemolysis (bc listeria is weak)
vibrio cholerae virulence factor and 3 genes
locus of lysogeny
1) ace gene= increasing fluid secretion
2) zot gene= tightens junctions
3) cep gene= chemotaxis proteins
Seroconversion
occurs when antibody is produced in response to a primary infection
lysogeny
key virulence factor, phenotypic conversion to a different phenotype that can now produce virulence factor
O antigen serotype
repeat polysaccaride
-enteroinvasive E. coli
H antigen serotype
flageelum
K antigen serotype
capsular (rare)
serotype B is associated with?
hemophilus influenzae
HIB vaccine
hemophilus influenzae pathogen is SEROTYPE B (always B)
–encapsulated; capsular polysaccharide= major virulence factor
S. pnemonia varilence factor?
what experiement?
aligate capsule
-vaccine also against capsule bc main virulence of S. pneumonia is the capsule, know that from old transformation experiement from Griffith
what are the oral cavity vaccines?
1) glucosyltransferase
2) streptococcus mutans antigen 1-2
glucosyltransferase
enzyme in slime layer that can act as a vaccine (doesn’t allow plaue to form)
streptococcus mutan antigen 1-2
a preotin that binds to salivary pellicle and could act as a vaccine
oid means?
like something
pathogens that affect prenatal and neonatal?
1) streptococcus GROUP B agalactiae
2) Listeria
3) Neisseria gonoorhea
(Clostridium and Chlamedia)
what is #1 threat pre and neonatal?
agalactiae (strep GROUP B)
-from baby passing vagina
Listeria as a prenatal and neonatal threat?
- prenatal= spontaneous abortions
* neonatal= premature cell mediated immune system problems
penicillin G verses V antibiotic?
G= injection V= oral
MRSA
methysiline resistant staph aureus
- use vancomysin to treat!!!!!!!
- staph more resistant to penicillin then strep
Staph aurea has what receptor?
TLR2
is staph or strep more resistant to penicillin?
staph
How is Staph aureas endotoxin like??
its peptidoglycan cell wall has endotoxin like effects
what bacteria acts as an anchor for supragingival plaque?
corynebacterium
what bacteria does buboes come from?
Yersinia
McKoney agar
G-
- selective and differential
- tells if gastrointestinal organisms causing diarrhea is a pathogen
- *Lactose - = pathogen
- *Lactose + = NONpathogen
EMB agar
eosin methylene blue
- selective and differential
- G-
- *selective= growth of G-
- *differential= E. coli colonies turn green (screen water systems)
blood agar
- whole blood cells
- ID streptococcus pyrogens that cuase strep throat
- differential, NOT selective
- alpha, beta, gamma
chocolate agar
- lysed RBCs
* ID Neisseria meningitis
haemophilus influenzae is deadly how?
inflammation of epiglottus; swells and you can’t breath
haemophilus influenzae needs what growth factors?
1) X = heme from lysed blood
2) V= NAD= vitamin
satellite colonies
wen staph aureus is added to a chocolate agar in order to lyse RBCs and give off growth factors V and X
*co-incubation
what are growth factors?
necissary AA or vitamins needed for auxotroph to grow
what is an auxotroph
a bacteria that requires growth factors
manitol salt agar
- selective and differential
- *staph epidermic grows RED
- *staph aureus grows and turns media around it YELLOW, food borne
- determines food poisoning
optochin test
inhibition of streptococcus pnemonia
bile test
dissolves streptococcus pnemonia
*NO affect on enterococcus or strep pyrogens or staph aureus
oxidase test
differentiate between enterbacteria and vibrio but testing for the presence of oxidase
- *vibrio= makes oxidase
- *entero does NOT make oxidase
coagulase test
- -Staphylococcus aureus is coagulase positive - clumping factor proteins A and B
- -Staphylococcus epidermis is coagulase NEGATIVE
erysypalis
endogenous= human to human spread
**steptococcal pyrogens= scarlet fever and toxic shock syndrome
erysypelothrix aka erysypiloid
animal to humans (farms)= zooanatic
mucoid colony is like?
slimey like a mucus
manistation of eysypalis?
red and blotchy skin
*erythematous rash on SKIN
bacillus anthracis plasmids?
- *pX01= edema factor, lethal factor, protective agents
* *pX02= synthesize polypeptide capsule
in Bacillus anthracis
PA + EF=
PA+ LF=
PA + EF=edema toxin
PA+ LF=lethal toxin
tetanospasmin
clostridium tetani
**heat labile, plasma encoded neurotoxin fround EVERYWHER
Salmonella pathogenicity islands?
1= salmonella secreted invasion of proeins and type 3 secretion 2= evasion of immune system and type 3 secretion
what is buboes
very enlarged lymph nodes (can be anywhere on body)
-from Yersinia
signs of memingitus
stiff neck, photophobia, pain by pushing on forehead
Neisseria meningitus
water house syndrome (destroy adrenal glands)
whooping cough comes from what bacteria?
bordetella pertussis
what bacterium has pathogenicity islands?
salmonella
3 stages of whooping cough and what heppens during them
1) Catarrhal
- must bacteria
- resemble cold (fever, sore throat)
2) Paroxysmal
- classic coughing fit (can’t breath)
- mucus produced but not cleared -life threatening
3) Canvalescent
- secondary complications occur
anything facultative intracellular MUST?
have T-cell mediated immunity with macrophages
If you decreased CD4 T-cell count, what would happen?
you are more susceptible to TB and leprocry amonst other diseases
granuloma formation is common with?
anything facultative intracellular (t-cell, macrophages)
gingipains
from porphyramonas gingivalis!!
KEYSTONE pathogen of oral cavity
shwartzmann reaction
endotoxin effect (self reaction to lipooligosaccharide) ***meningetis= systemic infection - disseminated intravascular coagulase all over body to cuase shock/death
how is watery poo made?
increase CAMP by increasing adenocyclase activity
-causes efflux of water and Cl ions from enterocyte into lumen
what causes bloody poo?
inflammation! breakdown of barriers allows for blood cells to enter intestines
clostridium difficile
causes bloody diasrrhea
- pseudomembranes colitis
- occurs AFTER or during antibiotic theropy for something else (oportunistic)
- fecel treatment/transplant
what are bacteria that cause watery diarrhea?
cholera enteroinvasive E coli enterotoxigenic E. coli Salmonella gastroenteritis yersinia
what bacteria cause bloody diarrhea?
clostridium difficile
shigella
shiga toxin-producing E. coli
typhoid Mary
asymptomatic colonization of salmonella
*salmonella phagocytized thru M cells in intestine
central dogma
1) exposure
2) adherence
3) invasion
4) infection
5) toxicity or invasiveness
6) tissue damage disease
what does dissemination mean?
invasion into
*how the bacteria into host via circulation, lymph nodes, liver, spleen
septicemia is?
life threatening, systemic inflammatory response
encephalitis causes?
absess in brain, liver or lung
cysteine is a common?
growth factor
What are the bacteria associated with the “red complex”? What does this mean?
1) P. gingivalis
2) T. forsythia
3) T. denticola
* * chronic periodontitis
what are the acid fast bacteria?
1) Mycobacteria is KING
2) Nocardia is partially
3) corynebacterial is an imposter (NOT acid fast but has mycolid acid)
toxin vs toxoid
—–toxoid is an inactivated or attenuated toxin •A toxoid is no longer toxic! But is still immunogenic like the toxin from which it was derived (cause immune response)
—–toxin is a poison (cause illness or death) made by other organisms •a toxin is toxic
only species with group B antigen?
S. alalactiae is the ONLY species that has group B antigen and is recognized as a cause of puerperal sepsis (postpartum infections)
what are the facultative intracellular pathogens?
1)Mycobacteria is king
2) Listeria
3) Salmonella
(Brucella and Leginella)
Tannerella forsythia
Gram negative, obligatelyanaerobic microflora found in periodontal pockets
Treponema denticola
a spirochaete that is associated with periodontal diseases
what is the keystone pathogen for periodontal disease?
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Two species with spores
Bacillus and clostridium
