Bacillus

Question 1

Bacillus is G- or G+?

Answer 1

G+

Question 2

virulent Bacillus anthracis carries genes for three toxin proteins on a?

Answer 2

plasmid named pX01. codes for

1) protective antigen (PA)
2) edema factor (EF)
3) lethal factor (LF)

Question 3

PA + EF forms?

PA + LF forms?

Answer 3

PA/EF= edema toxin (protective antigen + edema factor)
PA/LF= lethal toxin (PA + lethal factor)

Question 4

What is LF?

Answer 4

zinc dependent protease that cleaves mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase lleading to inhibition of innate immunity

Question 5

what is EF?

Answer 5

a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase that increases intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and results in edema

Question 6

eschar

Answer 6

cutaneus anthrax that prgressed to ulceration with surrounding vesicles and into eschar formation

Question 7

bacillus has a special stain called?

Answer 7

malachite green stain

*to stain spores!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 8

What are the virulence factors for gastroenteritis?

Answer 8

1) heat-stable, proteolysis-resistant enterotoxin
- –causes EMETIC (puke)
2) heat-labile enterotoxin
- –causes diarrheal
- –increases cAMP and water

Question 9

bacillus cereus food poisoning comes from? produces what? B. cereus affects what organs?

Answer 9

spores in rice, boiling does not kill, if not refridgerated they germinate and produce HEAT STABLE ENTEROTOXIN (loss of eye or liver failure)

Question 10

what 3 toxins does B. cereus virulence factors include?

Answer 10

1) necrotic toxin (heat labile entertoxin)
2) cereolysin (potent hemolysin)
3) phospholiapse C (potent lecithinase aka phospholipase)