Clostridium Flashcards
C. botulinum comes from?
sausage
C. difficile named from?
difficulty to isolate due to extreme oxygen sensitivity
C. perfringens historical derivation?
perfringes, breaking thru, highly invasive tissue necrosis
C. tetani named from?
related to tension (causes muscle spasms)
associated Human disesases?
1) C. botulinum
2) C. difficile
3) C. perfringens
4) C. tetani
1) botulism is uncommon
2) diarrhea, colitis (Common)
3) soft-tissue infections, food poisoning, septicemia (Common)
4) tetanus is uncommon
clindamycin has ___ inhibition
PS
cephalosporins are associated with?
beta lactam
C. difficile produces what two toxins that act synergistically?
1) enterotoxin (toxin A)
2) cytotoxin (toxin B)
what is chemotactic for neutrophils that then release cytokines in the ileum in C. diffile?
enterotoxin
What causes depolymerization that results in destruction of cellular cytoskeleton in C. diffilcile?
cytotoxin
what is the treatment of C. difficile?
therapy with
1) metronidazole -DS inhibitor
2) vancomycin - D-ala-D-ala
fecal transplants from healthy donors has been shown to work as treatment for what? difficult to prevent bc?
C. difficile
*difficult to prevent bc commonly exists inhospitals
C. perfringens alpha toxin
- all 5 types
- is a lecithinase to lyse RBCs
- mediates hemolysis
C. perfringens beta toxin
- responsible for intestinal stasis
- loss of mucosa with formation of necrotic lesions
- progression to necrotizing enteritis
C. perfringens epsilon toxin
- protoxin that is activated by trypsin
- increases vascular permeability
C. perfringens iota toxin
- produced by type E C. perfringens
- has necrotic activity
- increases vascular permeability
What aspect of C. perfringens acts as a superantigen?
Enterotoxin
- primarily from type A strains
- brush border enzymes
C. perfringens soft tissue infections include?
cellulitis
fasciitis
suppurative myositis (muscles inflammation)
Myonecrosis is? has ____ formation?
death of muscle fibers
*with gas formation in soft tissue (GAS GANGRENE)
gas gangrene
gas found in the tissue
- caused by metabolic acivity of the rapidly dividing bacteria
- typical for C. perfringens (G-)
a high dose of penicillin therapy is used to treat?
C. perfringens along with surgical debridment
*HIGH mortality rate
C. tetani is associated with?
sardonic smile or lockjaw
what is sardonic smile?
- casued by C. tetani
* raised eyebrows and an open froced smile results in sustained contraction of face known as RISUS SARDONICUS
risus sardonicus
sustained contraction of facial muscles
C. tetani… tetanolysin vs tetanospasmin
- tetanolysin- oxygen labile hemolysin
- tetanospasmin- plasmid encoded, heat labile neurotoxin
tetanospasmin is responsible for? what type of toxin?
tetany
*an A-B toxin syntehsized as a single peptide
C. tetani infection does no confer?
immunity
What type of toxin is C. botulinum?
A-B toxin
C. botulinum protective antibodies do not develop?
after disease
