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Streptococci 2 Flashcards

1
Q

act as superantigens, which stimulate T cells by binding to the class II major histocompatibility complex.

A

Streptococal Pyrogenic Exotoxin: A, B, C
Erythrogenic Toxin

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2
Q

associated with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and scarlet feve

A

Streptococal Pyrogenic Exotoxin: A, B, C
Erythrogenic Toxin

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3
Q

the sore throat occurs as a subacute nasopharyngitis with a thin serous discharge

A

PHARYNGITIS In infants and small children

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4
Q

little fever but with a tendency of the infection to extend to the middle ear and the mastoid

A

PHARYNGITIS In infants and small children

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5
Q

cervical lymph nodes are usually enlarged;
The illness may persist for weeks.

A

PHARYNGITIS In infants and small children

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6
Q

more acute and is characterized by intense nasopharyngitis, tonsillitis, and intense redness and edema of the mucous membranes, with purulent exudate, enlarged, tender cervical lymph nodes, and (usually) a high fever.

A

PHARYNGITIS In older children and adults

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7
Q

DIRECT INVASION - PYOGENIC: SKIN INFECTION of Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Erysipelas
Impetigo (Streptococcal pyoderma)
Cellulitis
Necrotizing fasciitis (streptococcal gangrene)

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8
Q

Characterized by massive brawny edema and a rapidly advancing margin of infection

A

Erysipelas

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9
Q

It consists of superficial vesicles that break down and eroded areas whose denuded surface is covered with pus and later is encrusted

A

Impetigo (Streptococcal pyoderma)

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10
Q

Spreads by continuity and is highly communicable, especially in hot, humid climates.

A

Impetigo (Streptococcal pyoderma)

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11
Q

More widespread infection occurs in eczematous or wounded skin or in burns

A

Impetigo (Streptococcal pyoderma)

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12
Q

Follows infection associated with mild trauma, burns, wounds, or surgical incisions; pain, tenderness, swelling, and erythema occur.

A

Cellulitis

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13
Q

the lesion is not raised, and the line between the involved and uninvolved tissue is indistinct

A

Cellulitis

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14
Q

infection of the subcutaneous tissues and fascia

A

Necrotizing fasciitis (streptococcal gangrene)

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15
Q

What group of streptococci that cause necrotizing fasciitis have sometimes been termed “flesh-eating bacteria

A

Group A streptococci

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16
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes:

Poststreptococcal Diseases – IMMUNOLOGIC DISEASE

A

Acute glomerulonephritis
Rheumatic fever

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17
Q

initiated by antigen–antibody complexes on the glomerular basement membrane

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

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18
Q

develops 1–4 weeks after S pyogenes skin infection (pyoderma, impetigo)

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

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19
Q

after random streptococcal skin infections, the incidence of nephritis is

A

less than 0.5%

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20
Q

characterized by blood and protein in the urine, edema, high blood pressure, and urea nitrogen retention; serum complement levels are also low.

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

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21
Q

most serious sequela of S pyogenes because it results in damage to heart muscle and valves

A

Rheumatic fever

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22
Q

Patients with more severe streptococcal sore throats have a greater chance of developing

A

Rheumatic fever

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23
Q

the onset of Rheumatic fever is often preceded by S pyogenes infection

A

1–4 weeks earlier

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24
Q

Typical S/S include fever, malaise, a migratory nonsuppurative polyarthritis, and evidence of inflammation of all parts of the heart

A

Rheumatic fever

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25
Streptococcus pyogenes : TREATMENT
1. Doses of Penicillin and Erythromycin for 8 days 2. Allergic Patient: Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Cephalexin 3. Benzathine PCN given for 10 days IM
26
Habitat: Female genital tract and lower gastrointestinal tract Occasional colonizer of upper respiratory tract
Streptococcus agalactiae
27
Important cause of infection in OB/GYNE patient
Streptococcus agalactiae
28
major virulence factor of Streptococcus agalactiae
Sialic acid
29
BA: larger than group A strep; translucent to opaque; flat, glossy; narrow zone of β hemolysis
Streptococcus agalactiae
30
Streptococcus agalactiae: Catalase test CAMP test Hydrolizes _____ Bacitracin (R or S) Bile (soluble or insoluble) PYR test
Catalase negative (-); CAMP test positive; hydrolyze sodium hippurate; bacitracin resistant; bile soluble; PYR Negative (–)
31
Biochemical characteristics of Streptococcus agalactiae
HALOPHILIC (grows in 6.5% NaCl)
32
Infections are associated with neonates and are acquired before or during the birthing process.
Streptococcus agalactiae
33
Streptococcus agalactiae Infection during the first month of life may present as
fulminant sepsis, meningitis, or respiratory distress syndrome.
34
Group B streptococcal infections are increasing among
nonpregnant adults.
35
MAJOR MANIFESTATIONS: Bacteremia, skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory infections, genitourinary infections
Streptococcus agalactiae
36
Streptococcus agalactiae mode of transmission
Gaining access to sterile site(s) Direct Contact nosocomial transmission by unwashed hands of mother or health care personnel
37
Streptococcus agalactiae CLINICAL INFECTIONS
Neonatal meningitis Neonatal sepsis Endometritis, pelvic abscesses and septic shock, osteomyelitis, skin and soft tissue infections
38
CAMP test is introduced by
Christie, Atkins and Munch-Peterson
39
Culture medium of CAMP test
Beta lysin strep or B-lysin producing stain of S. aureus
40
Positive for CAMP test has
arrow-head or bowtie shaped of Beta hemolysis near S. aureus growth
41
Used to differentiate grp B streptococci from other beta hemolytic streptococci
Hippurate Hydrolysis test
42
S. agalactiae possesses the enzyme
hippuricase or hippurate hydrolase
43
Reagent used in Hippurate Hydrolysis test
sodium hippurate and ninhydrin
44
Positive for Hippurate Hydrolysis test has what color after addition of ninhydrin
purple color
45
Streptococcus agalactiae LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION
Gram Staining: CSF, pleural fluid, blood , body fluids Culture and Biochemical Testing Serotyping identification
46
Streptococcus agalactiae: Treatment
Penicillin G Ceftriazone or Cefotaxime Vancomycin
47
Antibiotic of choice in streptococcus agalactiae
Penicillin G
48
Treatment of penicillin allergic patients in Streptococcus agalactiae infection
Vancomycin
49
contains the C polysaccharide unrelated to the Lancefield grouping
Streptococcus pneumoniae
50
Streptococcus pneumoniae other term
Diplococcus pneumoniae or Frankel’s pneumococcus
51
Habitat: Colonizer of upper respiratory tract; Capable of spreading to the lungs, paranasal sinuses, and middle ear
Streptococcus pneumoniae
52
Mode of Transmission: Person to person with contaminated respiratory secretions
Streptococcus pneumoniae
53
Streptococcus pneumoniae is gram
Positive
54
lancet – shaped diplococci
Streptococcus pneumoniae
55
Streptococcus pneumoniae is encapsulated demonstrated by
Quellung reaction or India ink staining
56
fastidious, requires enriched media (SBA with 5% - 10% CO2)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
57
Blood Agar: Appears as small, gray, glistening; colonies tend to dip down in the center and resemble a doughnut
Streptococcus pneumoniae
58
if organism has a capsule, colony may be
mucoid, alpha - hemolytic
59
major virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Polysaccharide capsule
60
Stimulates cells to phagocytize the bacteria
Phosphorylcholine
61
Mediates binding of cells to epithelial cells of pharynx
Protein adhesin
62
A cytotoxin similar to the streptolysin O in S. pyogenes
Pneumolysin
63
Signs and Symptoms: high fever, headache, and stiff neck in anyone over the age of 2 years nausea, vomiting, discomfort looking at bright lights, confusion or sleepiness
BACTERIAL MENINGITIS
64
MOST COMMON bacterial pneumonia among elderly patient especially with COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
LOBAR PNEUMONIAE
65
Transmission of lobar pneumoniae
person to person by respiratory droplet

Bacteriology (13 decks)

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