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Bacteriology > Streptococci 2 > Flashcards

Streptococci 2 Flashcards

1
Q

act as superantigens, which stimulate T cells by binding to the class II major histocompatibility complex.

A

Streptococal Pyrogenic Exotoxin: A, B, C
Erythrogenic Toxin

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2
Q

associated with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and scarlet feve

A

Streptococal Pyrogenic Exotoxin: A, B, C
Erythrogenic Toxin

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3
Q

the sore throat occurs as a subacute nasopharyngitis with a thin serous discharge

A

PHARYNGITIS In infants and small children

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4
Q

little fever but with a tendency of the infection to extend to the middle ear and the mastoid

A

PHARYNGITIS In infants and small children

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5
Q

cervical lymph nodes are usually enlarged;
The illness may persist for weeks.

A

PHARYNGITIS In infants and small children

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6
Q

more acute and is characterized by intense nasopharyngitis, tonsillitis, and intense redness and edema of the mucous membranes, with purulent exudate, enlarged, tender cervical lymph nodes, and (usually) a high fever.

A

PHARYNGITIS In older children and adults

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7
Q

DIRECT INVASION - PYOGENIC: SKIN INFECTION of Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Erysipelas
Impetigo (Streptococcal pyoderma)
Cellulitis
Necrotizing fasciitis (streptococcal gangrene)

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8
Q

Characterized by massive brawny edema and a rapidly advancing margin of infection

A

Erysipelas

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9
Q

It consists of superficial vesicles that break down and eroded areas whose denuded surface is covered with pus and later is encrusted

A

Impetigo (Streptococcal pyoderma)

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10
Q

Spreads by continuity and is highly communicable, especially in hot, humid climates.

A

Impetigo (Streptococcal pyoderma)

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11
Q

More widespread infection occurs in eczematous or wounded skin or in burns

A

Impetigo (Streptococcal pyoderma)

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12
Q

Follows infection associated with mild trauma, burns, wounds, or surgical incisions; pain, tenderness, swelling, and erythema occur.

A

Cellulitis

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13
Q

the lesion is not raised, and the line between the involved and uninvolved tissue is indistinct

A

Cellulitis

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14
Q

infection of the subcutaneous tissues and fascia

A

Necrotizing fasciitis (streptococcal gangrene)

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15
Q

What group of streptococci that cause necrotizing fasciitis have sometimes been termed “flesh-eating bacteria

A

Group A streptococci

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16
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes:

Poststreptococcal Diseases – IMMUNOLOGIC DISEASE

A

Acute glomerulonephritis
Rheumatic fever

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17
Q

initiated by antigen–antibody complexes on the glomerular basement membrane

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

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18
Q

develops 1–4 weeks after S pyogenes skin infection (pyoderma, impetigo)

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

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19
Q

after random streptococcal skin infections, the incidence of nephritis is

A

less than 0.5%

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20
Q

characterized by blood and protein in the urine, edema, high blood pressure, and urea nitrogen retention; serum complement levels are also low.

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

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21
Q

most serious sequela of S pyogenes because it results in damage to heart muscle and valves

A

Rheumatic fever

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22
Q

Patients with more severe streptococcal sore throats have a greater chance of developing

A

Rheumatic fever

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23
Q

the onset of Rheumatic fever is often preceded by S pyogenes infection

A

1–4 weeks earlier

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24
Q

Typical S/S include fever, malaise, a migratory nonsuppurative polyarthritis, and evidence of inflammation of all parts of the heart

A

Rheumatic fever

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25
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes : TREATMENT

A
  1. Doses of Penicillin and Erythromycin for 8 days
  2. Allergic Patient: Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Cephalexin
  3. Benzathine PCN given for 10 days IM
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26
Q

Habitat: Female genital tract and lower gastrointestinal tract
Occasional colonizer of upper respiratory tract

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

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27
Q

Important cause of infection in OB/GYNE patient

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

28
Q

major virulence factor of Streptococcus agalactiae

A

Sialic acid

29
Q

BA: larger than group A strep; translucent to opaque; flat, glossy; narrow zone of β hemolysis

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

30
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae:

Catalase test
CAMP test
Hydrolizes _____
Bacitracin (R or S)
Bile (soluble or insoluble)
PYR test

A

Catalase negative (-);
CAMP test positive;
hydrolyze sodium hippurate;
bacitracin resistant;
bile soluble;
PYR Negative (–)

31
Q

Biochemical characteristics of Streptococcus agalactiae

A

HALOPHILIC (grows in 6.5% NaCl)

32
Q

Infections are associated with neonates and are acquired before or during the birthing process.

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

33
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae Infection during the first month of life may present as

A

fulminant sepsis, meningitis, or respiratory distress syndrome.

34
Q

Group B streptococcal infections are increasing among

A

nonpregnant adults.

35
Q

MAJOR MANIFESTATIONS: Bacteremia, skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory infections, genitourinary infections

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

36
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae mode of transmission

A

Gaining access to sterile site(s)
Direct Contact
nosocomial transmission by unwashed hands of mother or health care personnel

37
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae CLINICAL INFECTIONS

A

Neonatal meningitis
Neonatal sepsis
Endometritis,
pelvic abscesses and septic shock,
osteomyelitis,
skin and soft tissue infections

38
Q

CAMP test is introduced by

A

Christie, Atkins and Munch-Peterson

39
Q

Culture medium of CAMP test

A

Beta lysin strep or B-lysin producing stain of S. aureus

40
Q

Positive for CAMP test has

A

arrow-head or bowtie shaped of Beta hemolysis near S. aureus growth

41
Q

Used to differentiate grp B streptococci from other beta hemolytic streptococci

A

Hippurate Hydrolysis test

42
Q

S. agalactiae possesses the enzyme

A

hippuricase or hippurate hydrolase

43
Q

Reagent used in Hippurate Hydrolysis test

A

sodium hippurate and ninhydrin

44
Q

Positive for Hippurate Hydrolysis test has what color after addition of ninhydrin

A

purple color

45
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION

A

Gram Staining: CSF, pleural fluid, blood , body fluids
Culture and Biochemical Testing
Serotyping identification

46
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae: Treatment

A

Penicillin G
Ceftriazone or Cefotaxime
Vancomycin

47
Q

Antibiotic of choice in streptococcus agalactiae

A

Penicillin G

48
Q

Treatment of penicillin allergic patients in Streptococcus agalactiae infection

A

Vancomycin

49
Q

contains the C polysaccharide unrelated to the Lancefield grouping

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

50
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae other term

A

Diplococcus pneumoniae or Frankel’s pneumococcus

51
Q

Habitat: Colonizer of upper respiratory tract; Capable of spreading to the lungs, paranasal sinuses, and middle ear

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

52
Q

Mode of Transmission: Person to person with contaminated respiratory secretions

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

53
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae is gram

A

Positive

54
Q

lancet – shaped diplococci

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

55
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae is encapsulated demonstrated by

A

Quellung reaction or India ink staining

56
Q

fastidious, requires enriched media (SBA with 5% - 10% CO2)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

57
Q

Blood Agar:
Appears as small, gray, glistening; colonies tend to dip down in the center and resemble a doughnut

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

58
Q

if organism has a capsule, colony may be

A

mucoid, alpha - hemolytic

59
Q

major virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Polysaccharide capsule

60
Q

Stimulates cells to phagocytize the bacteria

A

Phosphorylcholine

61
Q

Mediates binding of cells to epithelial cells of pharynx

A

Protein adhesin

62
Q

A cytotoxin similar to the streptolysin O in S.
pyogenes

A

Pneumolysin

63
Q

Signs and Symptoms:
high fever, headache, and stiff neck in anyone over the age of 2 years
nausea, vomiting, discomfort looking at bright lights, confusion or sleepiness

A

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

64
Q

MOST COMMON bacterial pneumonia among elderly patient especially with COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

A

LOBAR PNEUMONIAE

65
Q

Transmission of lobar pneumoniae

A

person to person by respiratory droplet

Bacteriology (13 decks)

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