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Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Microbes under acellular infections agents

A

Prions and viruses

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2
Q

Microbes under cellular microorganisms - prokaryotic

A

Archaea and bacteria

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3
Q

Microbes under cellular microorganisms - eukaryotic

A

Algae, fungi, and Protozoa

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4
Q

Nonpathogenic or pathogenic - harmless

A

Nonpathogenic

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5
Q

Nonpathogenic or pathogenic - cause infection and disease

A

Pathogenic

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6
Q

Nonpathogenic or pathogenic - can be beneficial

A

Nonpathogenic

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7
Q

Nonpathogenic or pathogenic - distinct shape

A

Pathogenic

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8
Q

Nonpathogenic or pathogenic - many live on surface of skin

A

Non-pathogenic

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9
Q

Nonpathogenic or pathogenic - some produce toxins

A

Pathogenic

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10
Q

Nonpathogenic or pathogenic - 70% of all bacteria

A

Nonpathogenic

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11
Q

Nonpathogenic or pathogenic- spread easily and live everywhere

A

Pathogenic

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12
Q

established the system of scientific nomenclature in 1739.

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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13
Q

Study of bacteria.

A

Bacteriology

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14
Q

simple, single celled (unicellular) organisms whose genetic material is not enclosed in a special membrane.

A

Bacteria

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15
Q

Mode of replication of bacteria

A

Binary fission

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16
Q

Organism whose cells have distinct nucleus containing the cell’s genetic material (DNA) surrounded by a nuclear membrane (Eukaryotes)

A

Fungi

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17
Q

Study of fungi

A

Mycology

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18
Q

Unicellular/ multicellular organism (Monomorphic; Dimorphic fungi)

A

Fungi

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19
Q

Mode of reproduction of the fungi

A

Asexual and sexual reproduction (budding or mitosis)

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20
Q

Core made only ONE type of nucleic acid either DNA or RNA

A

Virus

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21
Q

Does NOT contain structured elements required for protein synthesis

A

Viruses

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22
Q

Mode of replication of viruses

A

Replicates in host cells

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23
Q

do not cause disease under ordinary conditions
but have the potential to cause disease should the opportunity present itself.

A

Opportunistic pathogens

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24
Q

Microbes are essential for life on this planet as we know it. For example, some microbes produce oxygen by the process known as

A

Photosynthesis

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25
Many microbes are involved in the decomposition of dead organisms and the waste products of living organisms. Collectively, they are referred to as decomposers or
Saprophytes
26
Some microbes are capable of decomposing industrial wastes (oil spills, for example). Thus, we can use microbes— genetically engineered microbes, in some cases—to clean up after ourselves. The use of microbes in this manner is calle
Bioremediation
27
E. coli produce what vitamins
Vitamin and b1
28
Many microbes are essential in various food and beverage industries, whereas others are used to produce certain enzymes and chemical
Biotechnology
29
Observe a thin slice of cork through a crude microscope
Robert Hooke
30
Father of Bacteriology and Father of Protozoology
Anton yan Leeuwenhoek
31
considered as “first true microbiologist”
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
32
first person to observe and accurately describe living microorganisms.
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
33
used the term “animalcules” (tiny living and moving cells seen under the microscope) 🡪 made detailed drawings of organisms he found
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
34
proposed the “Spontaneous Generation Theory”
Aristotle
35
states that living things could develop spontaneously from non-living materials
Aristotle
36
Italian physician who introduced experimental procedure to disprove Spontaneous Generation Theory
Francesco redo
37
He challenged the idea that maggots DO NOT arise spontaneously from decaying meat.
Francesco Redi
38
He observed that a boiled mutton broth eventually became cloudy after pouring it into a flask that was then sealed tightly.
John needham
39
He asserted that organic matter possessed a “vital force” that could give rise to life.
JOHN NEEDHAM
40
He improved the previous experiments of Needham by heating the broth placed in a sealed jar. = NO GROWTH
LAZZARO SPALLANZANI
41
He proposed that air carried microorganisms to the culture medium
LAZZARO SPALLANZANI
42
It states that living cells can arise from pre-existing living cells.
Theory of biogenesis
43
He challenged the doctrine of spontaneous generation with the concept of biogenesis.
Rudolf Virchow
44
He disproved the doctrine of spontaneous generation.
Louis Pasteur
45
He proved that the air does not generate itself, microorganisms are indeed present in it and can contaminate sterile solutions.
Louis Pasteur
46
He proposed the use of HEAT in killing microbes or the ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
Louis Pasteur
47
a method used in preventing contamination by unwanted microorganisms
Louis Pasteur
48
He provided evidence that microorganisms could not originate from “mystical forces” present in non-living materials.
Louis Pasteur
49
What flask is used by Pasteur in confirmation of biogenesis
S-shaped (swan-neck) flask
50
stated that yeast cells are responsible for the conversion of sugars to alcohol.
Theodor Schwann
51
L. Pasteur described that certain microorganisms known as yeast convert sugar to alcohol in the absence o f air
Fermentation
52
To resolve, Pasteur suggested the minimal heating of beers and wines that is enough to kill bacteria that can caused the spoilage
Pasteurization
53
He disproved the theory of spontaneous generation.
Louis Pasteur
54
He developed the vaccine against anthrax (1881) and rabies (1885)
Louis Pasteur
55
He improved the wine-making processes. (fermentation and pasteurization).
Louis Pasteur
56
He demonstrated that routine handwashing can prevent the spread of diseases.
Ignaz Semmelweis
57
Important people under the theory of antisepsis
Ignaz Semmelweis and Joseph lister
58
He introduced the system of antiseptic surgery in Britain.
Joseph Lister
59
He pioneered in promoting among surgeons handwashing before and after an operation.
Joseph lister
60
Used of phenol as an antimicrobial agent for surgical wound dressing.
Joseph lister
61
First to show irrefutable proof that bacteria indeed cause disease
Robert Koch
62
He discovered Bacillus anthracis, causative agent of anthrax in 1876
Robert Koch
63
He discovered Mycobacterium tuberculosis, causative agent of pulmonary tuberculosis in 1882
Robert Koch
64
He developed a culture media for observing bacterial growth isolated from the human body.
Robert Koch
65
Suggested the use of agar, solidifying agent, in the preparation of culture media.
Fanny Hesse
66
Developed the Petri dish
Julius Richard Petri
67
Developed the enrichment-culture technique and the use of selective media.
Martinus Beijerinck and Sergei Winogradsky
68
He introduced the concept of vaccination.
Edward Jenner
69
used the term “vaccine” for an attenuated culture.
Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Emile Roux
70
made a series of experiments to produce attenuated strains of bacteria.
Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Emile roux
71
Discovered the streptomycin and neomycin antibiotics
Selman Waksmann
72
Regarded as “Father of Antibiotics” – discovered antimicrobials before the hype of penicillin
Selman Waksmann
73
He accidentally discovered antibiotic penicillin (Penicillium notatum)
Alexander Fleming
74
He discovered lysozyme
Alexander Fleming
75
He discovered salvarsan (arsphenamine) for the treatment of syphilis
Paul Ehrlich
76
Specializes in bacteriology— the study of the structure, functions, and activities of bacteria.
Bacteriologist
77
Specializes in the study of various algae
Phycologist/algologist
78
Explores in the area of protozoa and their activitie
Protozoologist
79
Specializes in the study of fungi
Mycologist
80
Studies on viruses, prions, and viroids and their effects on living cells of all types
Virologist
81
Studies pathogens, the disease they cause, and the body's defenses against disease
Medical microbiologist
82
Concerned with the laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases of humans
Clinical microbiologist/diagnosticmicrobiologist
83
Concerned with epidemiology, transmission of pathogens, disease-prevention measures, aseptic techniques, treatment of infectious diseases, immunology, and the production of vaccines to protect people and animals against infectious diseases
Epidemiologist

Bacteriology (13 decks)

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