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Bacteriology > Bacterial Structure And Morphology > Flashcards

Bacterial Structure And Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Innermost layer or the cell envelope, covering of the cytoplasm

A

Cell membrane

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2
Q

Composition of the cell membrane

A

Proteins and phospholipids

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3
Q

Controls the influx and efflux of substances

A

Cell membrane

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4
Q

Encloses the cytoplasm

A

Cell membrane

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5
Q

Various metabolic reactions take place here (because enzymes are mostly attached here)

A

Cell membrane

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6
Q

Suspended in the cytoplasm, that area is called the “Bacterial nucleoid” Composition: single, long, supercoiled, circular DNA

A

Chromosome

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7
Q

serves as the control center of the cell

A

Bacterial DNA

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8
Q

capable of duplicating, guiding cell division and directing cellular activities and 575-55,000 genes

A

Bacterial DNA

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9
Q

double-stranded DNA, suspended in the cytoplasm

A

Extra chromosomal DNA / plasmid

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10
Q

contains fewer than 10 to several hundred genes

A

Extrachromosomal DNA/Plasmid

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11
Q

contains fewer than 10 to several hundred genes

A

Extrachromosomal DNA/Plasmid

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12
Q
A

Extrachromosomal DNA/Plasmid

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13
Q

It is where various metabolic reactions takes place

A

Cell membrane

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14
Q

Holds the cytoplasmic particles especially the 70S ribosomes

A

Cytoplasm

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15
Q

contain starch, lipid, sulfur and iron that serve as nutrients of bacteria

A

Cytoplasmic granules

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16
Q

Location: Outer layer, between the cell membrane and capsule (if capsule is present)

A

Cell wall

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17
Q

Composition of the cell wall

A

Peptidoglycan/Murein

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18
Q

Peptide/Protein bonds that link the polysaccharide chains

A

Peptido

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19
Q

Polysaccharide chains (N-acetylmuramic acid + N-acetylglucosamine)

A

Glycan

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20
Q

Bacteria that doesn’t have a cell wall

A

Mycoplasma

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21
Q

Bacteria that don’t have a cell wall

A

Mycoplasma

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22
Q

Defines the shape of bacterial cell

A

Cell wall

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23
Q

Provides rigidity, strength, and protection

A

Cell wall

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24
Q

Determines the reaction to some bacterial stains

A

Cell wall

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25
Q

thicker cell wall, with techoic acid

A

Gram positive

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26
Q

thinner cell wall with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phospholipid

A

Gram negative

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27
Q

are bacteria without cell wall; maycause chronic form of diseases such as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Lyme disease, Rheumatoid arthritis, and Sarcoidosis

A

Cell Wall-Deficient (CWD) or L-form bacteria

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28
Q

What structures are suspended in the cytoplasm of bacteria?

A

PolySome’s

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29
Q

Location: outside the cell wall

A

Glycocalyx

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30
Q

Composition: slimy, gelatinous material produced by the cell membrane and secreted outside the cell wall

A

Glycocalyx

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31
Q

not highly organized and not firmly attached to the cell wall; enables them to glide or slide along solid surfaces, and seem to protect bacteria from antibiotics and desiccation

A

Slime layer

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32
Q

highly organized & firmly attached to the cell wall; may be composed of polysaccharides, lipids & proteins

A

Capsule

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33
Q

anti-phagocytic

A

Capsule

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34
Q

stain that demonstrates the capsule; capsule appears as unstained halo around the bacterial cell, against a dark background

A

Negative staining

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35
Q

It is a capsular swelling reaction. A gold standard test for serotyping Streptococcus pneumoniae. Swelling of the capsule happens when the type-specific antibody combines with the capsule.

A

Quellung/Neufeld Reaction

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36
Q

Location: Outside, attached to the basal body in the cell membrane

A

Flagella

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37
Q

Location: Outside, attached to the basal body in the cell membrane

A

Flagella

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38
Q

protein appendages for bacterial motility

A

Flagella

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39
Q

Composition of flagella is 3 or more threads of protein called _____ that is twisted like a rope

A

flagellin

40
Q

flagellum on one end of the bacterium

A

Monotrichous

41
Q

tuft of flagella on one end of the bacterium

A

Lophotrichous

42
Q

one or more flagella on each end of the bacterium

A

Amphitrichous

43
Q

Flagella over the entire surface/perimeter of the bacterium

A

Peritrichous

44
Q

flagella-like fibrils found in spirochetes that enable them to move in a spiral , helical, or inchworm manner

A

Axial filaments

45
Q

Location: Arise from the cytoplasm and extend through the cell/plasma membrane, cell wall, and capsule (if present); common among Gram-negative

A

PILI/FIMBRIAE

46
Q

Composition of pili that is polymerized protein molecules called

A

pilin

47
Q

For bacterial adherence/attachment to surfaces

A

Somatic Pili

48
Q

For transfer of genetic material from one bacterial cell to another (Conjugation)

A

Sex Pili

49
Q

Location: Within the cytoplasm of the bacteria

A

SPORES (ENDOSPORES)

50
Q

Composition: Copy of the chromosome, and some of the surrounding cytoplasm becomes enclosed and form the spore

A

SPORES (ENDOSPORES)

51
Q

Enable bacteria to survive in adverse conditions, such as temperate extremes, desiccation, and lack of nutrients

A

SPORES (ENDOSPORES)

52
Q

spore is produced at the end of the bacterial cell

A

Terminal spore

53
Q

produced elsewhere in the cell

A

Subterminal spore

54
Q

Example of bacteria that has sports

A

Bacillus and Clostridium species

55
Q

Example of curve or comma-shaped bacilli

A

Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (singly, curved bacilli) Campylobacter spp. (curve bacilli in pairs, appears like a seagull’s wing

56
Q

AXIAL FILAMENTS/PERIPLASMIC FLAGELLA CAUSATIVE AGENT OF SYPHILIS

A

Treponema pallidum

57
Q

TIGHTLY COILED SPIROCHETE

A

Treponema pallidum

58
Q

Less tightly coiled Motility: Axial filaments

A

Borrelia spp.

59
Q

CWD or L-form that appear in various shapes due to the
absence of cell wall

A

Pleomorphic bacteria

60
Q

For fixation - so that the bacteria will stick to the slide; preserve the bacteria; serves as bacteriostatic agent

A

Methanol

61
Q

Primary stain - serves as initial cell wall stain

A

Crystal violet (blue)

62
Q

Reaction of Crystal violet stain

A

Gram positive: stains blue to purple
Gram negative: blue to purple

63
Q

Mordant - forms an insoluble complex with the primary stain, increasing its uptake and fixing it into the cell wall (crystal violet-iodine complex)

A

Gram’s iodine (purple)

64
Q

Reaction of grams iodine

A

Gram positive: blue to purple
Gram negative: blue to purple

65
Q

Decolorizer - removes the primary stain

A

Ethanol

66
Q

Reaction of ethanol

A

Gram positive: blue to purple
Gram negative: colorless

67
Q

Secondary stain/ counterstain - provides contrast or differentiation

A

Safranin (red)

68
Q

Reaction of safranin

A

Gram positive: blue to purple
Gram negative: red

69
Q

All cocci are Gram postive, EXCEPT

A

Neisseria, Veilonella and Moraxella.

70
Q

All bacilli are Gram negative, EXCEPT

A

Mycobacteria, Corynebacterium, Clostridia, Erysiphilothrix, Lactobacillus, Listeria, Nocardia, Actinomyces, and Bacillus.

71
Q

All spiral organisms are reported as

A

Gram negative

72
Q

Yeasts are reported as

A

Gram positive

73
Q

Not Gram stained

A

Chlamydia, Ricketssia, Mycoplasma, Ureplasma, Spirochete, Legionella

74
Q

Steps of G/S:

A

VIAS

75
Q

Gram negative cocci

A

NEVErMORe (Neisseria, Veilonella, Moraxella)

76
Q

Gram positive bacilli

A

MY CORY CLOSed hER LACTO LIST, NO ACTINg BACk

77
Q

Rods in chains

A

Streptobacilli

78
Q

Cocci in clusters

A

Staphylococci

79
Q

Cocci in chain

A

Streptococci

80
Q

Bacilli in pairs

A

Diplobacilli

81
Q

Cocci in pairs

A

Diplococci

82
Q

Cocci in packets of eight

A

Octads

83
Q

Short bacilli

A

Coccobacilli

84
Q

Spirillum

A

Spirochete

85
Q

Stacks of bacilli

A

Palisade

86
Q

Varied shapes

A

Pleomorphic

87
Q

Diplobacilli

A

M. Boris - gram negative

88
Q

Octads

A

S. ventriculli - gram positive

89
Q

Coccobacilli

A

H. Influenzae - gram negative

90
Q

Diplococci

A

N. gonorrheae - gram negative

91
Q

Palisade

A

C. diphtheriae - gram positive

92
Q

Streptobacilli

A

S. moniliformis - gram negative

93
Q

Staphylococci

A

S. aureus - gram neg

94
Q

Spirochete

A

T. pallidum -gram neg

95
Q

Pleomorphic

A

M. pneumoniae

96
Q

Streptococci

A

S. pyogenes - gram pos

Bacteriology (13 decks)

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