Strep Review for Exam 1 Flashcards
Which Lancefield group is S. suis?
Group D
Which 2 virulence factors are required for virulence in type 2 disease of S. suis?
- Muramidase-released protein
- Extracellular protein factor
Suilysin is a cholesterol-binding hemolysin of which organism?
Strep suis
Is there a vaccine for Strep suis?
When would a vaccine be most effective?
Yes
Give vaccine to SOW prior to farrowing
Which organism has zoonotic potential and causes similar disease in both the animal and human being?
What are those similar disease processes?
Strep suis
Septicemia, meningitis, arthritis, bronchopneumonia
Which type of hemolysis does S. agalactiae have?
Narrow zone beta hemolysis
S. agalactiae is an obligate pathogen of which environment?
Intramammary
- What makes S. agalactiae so easy to manage?
- How do you treat?
- It’s an obligate intramammary pathogen
- Infuse penicillin into the mammary
What Lancefield group is S. dysgalactiae a part of?
Group C
How might S. dysgalactiae gain entry and cause disease?
Gains entry into the streak canal via wounds and sores involving the teat orifice
What happens in alpha hemolysis that gives it the “green” appearance?
RBCs are still present, but the hemoglobin has been converted to methemoglobin, which has a green color to it
Describe the Lancefield test…
An unknown streptococcal species is heated or treated with an acid to destroy the protein antigens present. The cell wall carbohydrates present are used to place the streptococci into groups.
Which Lacefield group has a capsule composed of hyaluronic acid?
Group A
Within Group A stretococci, there is a capsule composed of hyaluronic acid. How does this work to protect the organism?
This mimics the host tissues, protecting the organism from phagocytosis
What are the (5) toxins involved in streptococcus infections?
- Streptolysin O
- Streptolysin S
- Streptokinase
- DNase
- Hyaluronidase
What are the characteristics of Streptolysin O?
- Very antigenic
- Leukotoxic
- Attacks RBCs (complete hemolysis)
- Thiol-activated cytolysin
- Oxidizable
- Toxic to platelets & fibroblasts
What are the characteristics of Streptolysin S?
- Less toxic
- Non-antigenic
- Stable in O2
Which Lancefield group is S. pyogenes a part of?
Group A
What type of vaccine is available for S. pyogenes?
M-protein vaccine
Which Lancefield group is S. equi a part of?
Group C
Which strep species produce a mucoidal colony?
- Strep equi
- Strep zooepidemicus
Which organism is an obligate parasite of Equidae?
Strep equi
How can Strep equi be transmitted?
- Contact
- Fomites
- Droplet
Where on the body can Strep equi NORMALLY be found?
Horse: upper respiratory tract & reproductive tract
- Name 2 toxins of Strep equi.
- What is their function?
- M-protein
- Antiphagocytic
- Cytotoxin
- Produces a cytotoxin that damages phagocytic cells
Explain the disease progression of strangles in a horse. Do not forget to mention what the causitive agent is of this disease.
Strep equi starts an upper respiratory infection with a serous nasal discharge, which eventually turns purulent. Abscessation of the head and neck lymph nodes interferes with breathing and/or causes nerve damage. Animal can become septicemic and die.
Explain the disease progression of Purpura. Do not forget to mention what the causitive agent is of this disease.
Strep equi causes this disease process. To begin, this disease is associated with a delayed immune response. The horse builds up high serum IgA titiers. The IgA forms immune complexes with the M-protein. These complexes cause many problems: fever, edema, hemorrhage, vasculitis, and necrosis of blood vessel walls.
Which organism is most often associated with metritis in a horse?
Strep zooepidemicus
The immunity following an infection with Strep equi is good. Why is this? What is providing this good immunity?
Protection against the infection is provided by M-protein-specific IgA on the surface of the nasal epithelium
How might you treat an infection of Strep equi in a horse?
- Penicillin
- Lance abscess
Which organism is the causitive agent of hemorrhagic pneumonia in dogs?
Strep zooepidemicus
What types of disease can Strep equi cause in horses?
- Purpura
- Strangles
- Reptroductive tract infections
Which organism is most likely to be in a wound infection of a horse?
Strep zooepidemicus
What are the natural habitats of Strep zooepidemicus?
- Skin
- Tonsillar/pharyngeal lymph nodes
- Upper respiratory mucosa
Which organism is associated with metritis and cervicitis in sows?
Strep equisimilis
Which lancefield group is Strep equisimilis a part of?
Groups C, G, L
Which lancefield group is Strep canis a part of?
Group G
Which types of diseases can Strep canis cause in dogs?
- Tonsillitis
- Metritis
- Umbilical infections
- Septicemia
- Wound infections
What is are the (3) natural habitats of Strep uberis?
- Skin
- Bedding
- GI tract
