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Microbiology 386 > Bacillus & Listeria > Flashcards

Bacillus & Listeria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. What is the morphology of bacilli microscopically?
  2. What is the gram stain of bacilli?
A
  1. Rods
  2. Positive
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2
Q

True or false:

Bacilli have spores.

A

True

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3
Q

What is this organism?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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4
Q

What type of hemolysis does Bacilli use?

A

NONE

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5
Q

What does the Bacillus toxin bind to?

A

Protective antigen

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6
Q

What are the 2 incubation areas for Bacillus anthracis?

A
  1. Consistent alternation between wet and dry
  2. Soil high in nitrogen
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7
Q

How does Bacillus anthracis affect cattle?

A

Septicemia, toxemia, and death

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8
Q

How does Bacillus anthracis affect sheep?

A

Septicemia, toxemia, death

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9
Q

How does Bacillus anthracis affect horses?

A

Colic, edema of the head, neck, & shoulders

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10
Q

How does Bacillus anthracis affect swine?

A

Affects pharyngeal region

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11
Q

How does Bacillus anthracis affect dogs and cats?

A

Affects pharyngeal region

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12
Q

How can Bacillus anthracis affect a human being?

A
  1. Respiratory infection
  2. Malignant carbuncle
  3. Gastroenteritis
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13
Q

How did human beings become infected with Bacillus anthracis?

A
  1. Woolsorting
  2. Making drums/hides
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14
Q

Which species of Bacillus is penicillin suseptible?

A

Anthracis

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15
Q

How might you diagnosis Bacillus anthracis?

A
  1. Ear slice
    • Do an impression smear
  2. Culture
    • Typical colonies
    • Penicillin suseptibility
  3. PCR
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16
Q
  1. What type of immunizing agents are there for animals?
  2. What about for humans?
A
  1. Modified live
  2. Killed strain
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17
Q
  1. How often must you get revaccinated?
  2. When does immunity typically wane?
A
  1. Anually
  2. Every 6 months
18
Q

What are your drugs of choice in treating Bacillus anthracis in an animal?

A
  1. Penicillin
  2. Tetracyclin
19
Q

How might an infection with Bacillus cereus be acquired?

A

Food poisoining

20
Q

What might predispose an individual to a Bacillus subtilis infection?

A
  1. Heroin use
  2. Immunocomprimised
21
Q

What problems can Listeria monocytogenes cause in a ruminant?

A
  1. Abortion
  2. CNS disease
22
Q

What is the morphology of Listeria microscopically?

A

Gram positive flat rod (coccoidal)

23
Q

How many toxins make up Bacillus anthracis?

What are they?

A
  1. Protective antigen
  2. Edema factor
  3. Lethal factor
24
Q

Which toxins of Bacillus anthracis act as A-subunits?

A
  1. Edema factor
  2. Lethal factor
25
Q

How does edema factor work in Bacillus anthracis?

A

Activates adenylate cyclase and interferes with cell function

26
Q

How does the lethal factor work in Bacillus anthracis?

A

Proteolyticly cleaves the kinase involved in signal transduction in CD4+ T lymphocytes and fibroblasts. It inhibits IL-2 production and proliferative responses in the CD4+ T cells. Cleavage of the MAPK kinase in fibroblasts is apparently lethal to those cells.

27
Q

What is the capsule of Bacillus anthracis composed of?

A

Poly-D-glutamic acid

28
Q

To be affective, what must the Bacillus anthracis vaccine have in it?

A

Protective antigen

29
Q
  1. Which animals does Listeria monocytogenes affect?
  2. What problems does it cause in each of these species?
A
  1. Cattle & sheep
  2. CNS problems in cattle and sheep; abortions in sheep
30
Q

What type of hemolysis does Listeria monocytogenes use?

A

Narrow zone BETA hemolysis

31
Q

List the laboratory results for Listeria monocytogenes in the following tests:

  1. H2S
  2. Catalase
  3. Litmus milk
  4. Motility
A
  1. H2S = negative
  2. Catalse = positive
  3. Litmus milk = rapid reduction
  4. Motility = at 22EC by peritrichous flagella
32
Q

What is this organism?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

33
Q
  1. In what pH does L. monocytogenes replicate?
  2. At which pH should silage be kept because of this?
A
  1. 5.5 - 9.0
  2. Below 5
34
Q

List ubiquitous places for L. monocytogenes to be found?

A
  1. Soil
  2. Intestinal tracts (herbivores)
  3. Feces
  4. Silage
  5. Plant material
  6. Milk
35
Q

Explain in detail how L. monocytogenes gets away from humoral immune responses in the body?

A
  • Organism is ingested by a macrophage
  • Listeriolysin O destructs the phagosome
  • Listeris is released into the cytosol
  • Surrounded by actin-like filaments from the host cell
  • This structure forms a tail
  • Facilitates movement to the cell membrane of macrophage
  • Cell membrane evaginates
  • Organism transfered to another macrophage
  • Being an intracellular parasite, is NOT susceptible to killing by (1) antibody or (2) complement
36
Q

Listerolysin O allows Listeria to be what type of parasite?

A

Falcultative intracellular parasite

37
Q

What affects does L. monocytogenes have on cattle?

A
  1. Circling disease
    • Unilateral facial paralysis
    • Fever
    • Blindness
    • Head pressing
    • Death
  2. Abortion
    • Establishes a bacteremia or septicemia and localizes in the placentomes - that causes the death of the fetus
38
Q

What affect does L. monocytogenes have on sheep and goats?

A

Same as in cattle:

Circling disease

Abortions

39
Q

What affect does L. monocytogenes have on monogastrics / young ruminants?

A
  1. Septicemia
  2. Focal necrosis of the liver, spleen, LN
40
Q

What might be your drugs of choice in treating L. monocytogenes?

A
  1. Ampicillin
  2. Tetracyclin
  3. Penicillin
41
Q
A

Microbiology 386 (14 decks)

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